Static models of braided pneumatic muscles (BPMs) reported in the research literature fairly accurately predict muscle-force-carrying capacity. These models, however, rely on experimentally determined parameters that are valid only for specific muscle configuration under consideration. This paper presents a fully analytical BPM static model does not depend parameters. The proposed approach is based Newtonian mechanics considers mechanical and geometrical properties muscle. Distinctively,...

An analytical model based on classical laminate plate theory (CLPT) was developed to predict the longitudinal elastic modulus of a 2-D braided fiber composite. A sinusoidal function used path undulating strands. This work represents generalization plain weave case as angle between strands is not restricted 90°. The results predicted by are in good agreement with other models and excellent experimental for Kevlar 49/epoxy resin tubes. confirmed that tube less than one composed laminated layers.

Recent developments in the area of artificial neural networks (NN) provide an alternative approach to modelling vehicular dynamics, particularly near their operational limits where system is highly nonlinear. The objective this paper investigate ability a NN called 'Neuro–Vehicle' simulate dynamic behaviour two–axle vehicle. input vehicle forward speed and steering angle, output responses are yaw rate, lateral acceleration, load transfer ratios. To enhance performance, current past status...

Abstract The elastic constants of closed mesh braided/woven fabrics are generally obtained from finite element analysis, fabric geometry model, and modified classical laminate plate theory. These models complex often impractical for industrial design purposes do not address the cases open fabrics. This paper proposes an alternative to existing software packages. Simple regression‐based empirical equations were developed obtain E x , y G xy ν at any angle‐ply angle using braid/weave unit cell...

In a previous work, an analytical model based on Classical Laminate Plate Theory (CLPT) was developed to predict the braid elastic constants (Ex, Ey, Gxy and xy) of closed-mesh 2Dbraided fiber composite. this sensitivity composite constituent evaluated. The torsion thin-walled tubes used experimentally obtain shear modulus. results predicted by are in good agreement with other models experimental for Ex Kevlar 49 fiber-braided both rigid epoxy elastomeric polyurethane resin matrices.

Abstract The processes of helical filament winding and 2D braiding can be used to produce a wide variety similar fibre reinforced polymeric components yet they are inherently very different. Their capabilities limitations related mandrel design, modeling surface, path prediction, manufacturability structural analysis reviewed. In order illustrate the differences between two in terms prediction coverage, generic axisymmetric component is evaluated. A limited also carried out for this...

An optimization method for determining the number of spare units that should be allocated to a k-out-of-m system minimize system-spares cost yet attain specified availability is presented. The objective function nonlinear integer type. variation simplex search technique used continuous functions. problem cast in form minimizes cost, with required as an inequality constraint. Results obtained by using proposed technique, well computation time optimization, are compared those methods developed...

Abstract: Reinforced concrete (RC) is the most commonly used structural material in civil engineering applications. RC structures have long‐term service lives under normal loading conditions; however, overload caused by misuse or statistically remote events such as earthquakes may create damages that, if not detected time, eventually cause failure. Hence, it important to monitor take necessary precautions and save human lives. A long‐gauge strain (LGS) sensor has been developed these...

Abstract Background: Handprints are a common finding in crime scenes. Estimating stature is one of the four pillars establishing identity an unknown individual. Aims: The commonly used parameters – hand length and breadth were tested. In addition, new parameters, namely hypothenar (HC) thenar curvatures (TC) palm area (PA) examined for their usefulness prediction. Subjects Methods: A sample from Jordanian population was this study. Regression analysis employed to evaluate accuracy predicting...

This article deals with the endpoint control of a lightweight, two-link planar manipulator flexible links. Three types methods are presented. The first method is based on computed torque techniques where actuators and angular position sensors collocated at joints. second uses deflections links joint angles to angle selected point along each link. referred as noncollocated control. To add active damping links, third that combined delayed deflection has been introduced. Simulation studies have...

Abstract The dynamics of a vehicle's tires is major contributor to the vehicle stability, control, and performance. A better understanding handling performance lateral stability can be achieved by an in-depth study transient behavior tire. In this article, response tire steering angle input examined analytical second order model proposed. This provides means for proposed also applied its compared with first model.

The authors report two enhancements to an integer simplicial optimization method developed for a spares allocation problem where it is necessary minimize the cost of k-out-of-n system configuration subject availability constraint. first automated, simple, general generating initial feasible good starting vector optimization. This increases likelihood convergence global optimal solution and does not require homogenization suboptimum prior restarting process penalty function lower values...

A recurrent neural network is taught to emulate a leaf spring that typically employed in the suspension system of trucks. Leaf springs are known have nonlinear and hysteresis behaviour. This makes their mathematical formulation difficult susceptible considerable amount estimation errors. Analysis vehicle's dynamic behaviour heavily reliant on accurate determination forces. It shown able very accurately after it with set input output data points. In order generate teaching points an...

Instrumentation and procedures have been developed for the visualization of high-speed, submerged water jets type used in cleaning, cutting, drilling applications. As examples these techniques, cavitation characteristics produced by two plain conical nozzles as well a similar nozzle equipped with transverse pin are presented. The results can be to identify regions cavity inception, transport, collapse. A semi-empirical expression relating extent region index diameter is also

The γ' precipitate size of IN738LC is predicted using a Levenberg-Marquard backpropagation neural network in matlab toolbox. A cast polycrystalline Ni based super alloy (a gas turbine material) considered and the described as function 5 variables (solutionizing temperature, solutionizing duration, ageing cooling method (furnace cooling, water quenching, induction salt bath accelerated air oil quenching). model converges very well accurately predicts size. Because first stage blades operate...

Static error propagation in positioning robot arms has been extensively analyzed based on linearized models. These models are used for design and calibration. Most results were calculated using normally distributed errors the different joints links. In reality not all links distributed, a mix of suitable symmetric nonsymmetric probability distributions should be model. The paper presents general model propagating with applicable to any system whose can linearized. Numerical examples given...

This paper presents an application of a classical method steepest-descent optimization coupled with boundary-tracking technique to solve the integer spare allocation problem for k-out-of-n:G systems. The objective function is linear and subject nonlinear availability constraint. constrained solved in unconstrained manner using multiple-gradient technique. search along gradient (unit cost) aims locate desired optimum on constraint boundary. A recovery move feasible region carried out if...