A systematic investigation of the intrinsic magnetic properties R${\mathrm{Fe}}_{11}$Ti compounds with R=Y, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, and Tm has been performed by means ac-susceptibility measurements, singular-point-detection techniques, high-field magnetization measurements. Spin-reorientation transitions were observed in R=Nd (${\mathit{T}}_{\mathrm{SR}}$=189 K), Tb (${\mathit{T}}_{\mathrm{SR}}$=339 Dy (${\mathit{T}}_{\mathrm{SR}1}$=214 K ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathrm{SR}2}$=98 Er...

Service transformation plays a pivotal role in achieving the sustainable development of sports industry. This study originates from interactive relationships among enterprises, consumers, and regulatory authorities, proposing logical framework for service Furthermore, three-party evolutionary game model is constructed to explore strategic evolution stability conditions under both single-agent multi-agent scenarios. The primary findings are as follows: (1) Interactive authorities exhibit...

Two coercivity models, a phenomenological model developed by Givord et al. and micromagnetic Kronm\"uller al., have been used to analyze the temperature dependence of coercive field sintered ${\mathrm{Pr}}_{17}$${\mathrm{Fe}}_{75}$${\mathrm{B}}_{8}$ ${\mathrm{Pr}}_{17}$${\mathrm{Fe}}_{53}$${\mathrm{B}}_{30}$ permanent magnets. A general comparison these two models is made. The takes into account misalignment grains anisotropy imperfections at grain surface. From analysis based on this it...

Sm-Fe-N permanent magnets have been prepared by mechanical alloying of Sm and Fe powder subsequently treating the material in a two-step process. Measurements minor hysteresis loops initial magnetization curve were performed at room temperature. The reversible susceptibility (χrev), total (χtot) demagnetization curve, temperature dependence coercive field (Hc) magnetically isotropic nanocrystalline magnet measured up to strength 6.4 MA/m. anisotropy constants, K1 K2, Sm2Fe17Nx deduced from...

The temperature dependence of the anisotropy field Sm2Fe17Cx and Tm2Fe17Cx has been determined over entire uniaxial ferro- or ferrimagnetic range using singularity point detection technique. ac initial susceptibility was measured on these two systems from 4.2 to 300 K. Curie temperature, lattice constants, spin-reorientation (of Tm2Fe17Cx) magnetic are increasing with carbon concentration. A ‘‘magnetic-phase-like transition’’ is observed in for x<0.7 at low temperatures, which proved...

Samples of R2Fe17CyNx (R=Y, Sm, Er, Tm) were prepared by arc melting appropriate amount R, Fe, and C, vacuum annealing at 1373 K finally 740 in nitrogen for 10 h. The magnetic properties these compounds investigated means ac initial susceptibility, magnetization measurements, x-ray diffraction. thermal stability the nitride phase was studied differential scanning calorimetry. It found that, when heated above 600 K, irreversibly decomposes N which is irrespective carbon concentration...

The temperature dependence of the ac susceptibility, \ensuremath{\chi}' and \ensuremath{\chi}'', was measured in range from 4.2 to 300 K for various polycrystalline compounds ${\mathit{R}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Co}}_{17}$, with R=Y, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Lu single-crystalline R=Pr, Er. A spin-reorientation transition traced ${\mathrm{Pr}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Co}}_{17}$ ${\mathrm{Nd}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Co}}_{17}$ at 180 175 K, respectively. An anomalous phenomenon, which observed...

A systematic investigation of the intrinsic magnetic properties R${\mathrm{Fe}}_{10}$${\mathrm{Mo}}_{2}$ compounds (with R=Y, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, and Tm) has been performed by means ac susceptibility measurements, singular-point-detection techniques, magnetization measurements. Spin reorientations were detected measuring temperature dependence in ${\mathrm{NdFe}}_{10}$${\mathrm{Mo}}_{2}$ (${\mathit{T}}_{\mathrm{sr}}$=147 K), ${\mathrm{DyFe}}_{10}$${\mathrm{Mo}}_{2}$...

dc and ac magnetic measurements combined with M\"ossbauer spectroscopy have been used to study the evolution of order below critical temperature ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$ in polycrystalline powders intermetallic compounds ${\mathrm{YFe}}_{10}$${\mathrm{Mo}}_{2}$ ${\mathrm{LuFe}}_{10}$${\mathrm{Mo}}_{2}$. Irreversibility thermomagnetic curves after zero-field-cooling (ZFC) field-cooling (FC) processes has observed. A hysteresis loop detected for both at 4.5 K a shifting FC observed Strong...

Spin reorientation of Nd2Fe14B with different degree grain sizes was detected by measuring the temperature dependence ac susceptibility. The studied materials include: (1) a spherical single crystal that shows no coercivity. (2) Microcrystalline obtained induction-melting or sintering: Due to presence random-oriented multi-domain grains (⩾5000 nm), bulk ingot coercivity, but sintered do. (3) produced hydrogenation-disproportionation-desorption-recombination (HDDR): HDDR treated show...

The temperature dependence of the ac susceptibility $\ensuremath{\chi}={\ensuremath{\chi}}^{\ensuremath{'}}+i{\ensuremath{\chi}}^{\ensuremath{'}\ensuremath{'}}$ has been measured on ${R}_{2}{\mathrm{Fe}}_{14}\mathrm{B}$ single crystals with...

A micromagnetic analysis of the temperature dependence coercivity sintered Nd-Fe-B permanent magnets with and without post-annealing treatment has been made based on nucleation mechanism. Two ranges in which different mechanisms control are clearly distinguishable. From point view, process reduces local effective demagnetizing field (-NeffMs), makes a reversed domain more difficult, therefore enhances coercivity.

The easy magnetization direction of lies within the basal plane over all magnetic ordering temperatures. A spinning-sample alignment technique was used to align planes fine single crystallites (R = Y or Gd and x 0 1) be parallel each other. degree checked by x-ray diffraction. magnetocrystalline anisotropy field has been determined a singularity appearing in curve versus H measured on magnetically aligned sample when an external is applied perpendicular planes. temperature dependence fields...

Alloys of composition Nd/sub 9/Fe/sub 85/B/sub 6/, 11.76/Fe/sub 82.46/B/sub 5.88/, and 18/Fe/sub 76/B/sub 6/ were prepared by melt spinning at roll velocities from 19 to 25 m/s. The grain size distribution rapidly quenched flakes was evaluated means X-ray diffraction line broadening. average Nd-Fe-B alloys is within a range 40 nanometers differs the contact side free flakes. For first time, spin reorientation transitions T/sub ST/ nanophase 2/Fe/sub 14/B have been determined. They found be...

A variety of magnetic phase transitions have been observed for all the RFe10Mo2 compounds from AC and DC measurements in temperature range between 4.2 300 K. The alloys with R = Nd, Tb Dy exhibit spin reorientation Ho, Er Tm some unidentified occur which are accompanied by strong relaxation effects 57Fe Mossbauer spectra TmFe10Mo2. may broadly interpreted terms a mean-field mixed-exchange model, although detailed behaviour is somewhat different.

Anisotropic and isotropic Sm2Co17-type permanent magnets have been prepared by using the conventional sintering technique. Transmission electron microscopy was used to characterize cellular structure within Sm2(Fe,Co)17 grains. Hysteresis loops (M∼H) were measured in temperature range from 4.2 about 1000 K a pulsed-field magnetometer with maximum field strength up 24 MA/m. The magnetocrystalline anisotropy HA has singular point detection technique on anisotropic samples external fields...