High temperatures and drought are common stresses limiting crop growth productivity in subtropical regions where citrus produced. In addition to impacts on physiological processes such as transpiration, photosynthesis, respiration, excessive solar radiation can also reduce fruit by inducing disorders sunburn. This study evaluated the effects of reflectants anti-transpirants leaf physiology, sunburn grapefruit trees (Citrus xparadisi Macfs. cv. Rio Red) south Texas during 2016 2017 growing...

Cultivation of the peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) on same land contributes to accumulation root exudates, leading increased soil pathogens and decreased yield. Trichoderma harzianum is a naturally occurring endophytic biocontrol fungus that can enhance plant growth, nutrient uptake, tolerance biotic abiotic stresses. Separately, Bradyrhizobium spp. biological nitrogen-fixing (BNF) bacterium favoring nodule formation in roots which promotes nitrogen fixation. The dynamics symbiotic association...

Red and black spruce their hybrids can be determined by morphological indices; however, the criteria are somewhat subjective increasingly difficult to use at higher elevations. Although chromosome number is identical (2n = 24), red has twice as much nuclear DNA (48 pg) than (24 thus species also separated cytophotometry. This relevant decline studies because more resistant high elevation environmental stresses, both natural anthropogenic. It implications for effect of climatic changes on...

Abstract Three types of tags, external, internal, and sonic, have been used to study migration the American lobster Homarus americanus. Tag loss interpretation returned tag data are serious problems associated with internal external tags. Lobster tracking using sonic tags is still in pilot stage. redefined include horizontal vertical displacements. Depth displacement a more reasonable measurement than distance traveled. Two distinct populations discernable based on their ecological...

The three varieties of Caribbean pine have significantly different amounts nuclear DNA: Pinus caribaea var. caribaea, 11.5; P. hondurensis, 21; and, bahamensis, 25 pg. Dormant embryos the had more DNA than germinating seedlings, and this extra was spread through several classes from 2C to 7C; however, upon germination seedling rapidly reorganizes into 2C–4C distribution typical diploid plants. content polymorphism dormant among directly correlated with amount needle cotyledon diversity. Buds...

An experiment was conducted in the greenhouse to study growth, development, yield and water-use by Anahein pepper grown a potting mixture supplemented with MiracleGro® (9:4:12) milled alfalfa (3:1:2) as sources of nutrient. The comprised 5 treatments, control (C), 3 gL-1 (MG), 9 g mill supplement (SA-1), 18 (SA-2), 27 (SA-3), replicated 6 times. Ten physiological morphological parameters were used evaluate development Anaheim pepper, two water holding capacity mixture. results indicate that...

Much work has been done to understand and improve soil water conservation where agriculture driven land use intensification. Less is known about soil- water-related impacts from intensification by solar farming, especially at watershed-scales. Here we employed Hydrologic Engineering Center's Modeling System (HEC-HMS) model Pond Creek, a rural watershed in Texas, USA. Land primarily crop cultivation secondarily pasture for cattle grazing. Presently, several industrial-scale projects are...

There exist common-pool resource systems where it is difficult to prevent prospective beneficiaries from receiving profits the use or harvest of shared resources, and they are often subject continual utilization, leading degradation economic erosion (a behavior known as ‘tragedy commons’). Nigerian nomadic grazing currently undergoing tragedy commons pose a great challenge agrarian communities, herders political stability throughout country due violent conflicts property destruction migrate...

Two sets of large (8-20 m tall) red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) trees growing on Whiteface Mountain, N.Y., were used in branch chamber experiments. In the summer 1988, treatments made four healthy and consisted of: (1) open branches (N), chambers that supplied with either: (2) ambient air (A); (3) charcoal-filtered (T); or (4) charcoalfiltered deionized water misting when forest was immersed cloud (M). Each tree had all treatments. The for second year (summer 1989) declining (NC) either mist...

Abstract In 2011, the forestlands of Texas were affected by one most severe droughts in state’s history, killing an estimated 65 million trees East region. This study uses USDA Forest Service Inventory and Analysis data a standardized precipitation-evapotranspiration index to estimate major tree species responses 2011 drought Texas’ four national forests. We used analysis variance linear mixed-effect model evaluate factors contributing mortality growth. found that rates varied greatly during...

The Northern Gulf of Mexico hosts a severe dead zone, an oxygen-depleted area spanning 1,618,000 hectares, threatening over 40% the U.S. fishing industry and causing annual losses USD 82 million. Using System Dynamics (SD) approach, this study examined Mississippi–Atchafalaya River Basin (MARB), major contributor to hypoxia in Gulf. A dynamic model, developed with Vensim software version 10.2.1 andexisting data, represented physical, biological, chemical processes leading eutrophication...

The name Pinus caribaea was fust used by Morelet in 1851 to refer a species of pine southeastern United States whose range included northern Central America, the Bahama Islands and Cuba. Later this separated from those Cuba, identified as elliotri Engelm. Cuba retained caribaea. Subsequently, into three varieties: caribaea, bahamensis, hondurensis. hondurensis variety has been most widely introduced plantations tropical subtropical regions world; it grows vigorously various climates tropics...

Plants of Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis raised from seeds obtained a general collection one seed source (Peten, Guatemala) were categorized into fast and slow growing individuals to study the relationship growth rate with needle soluble sugars, starch content velocity phloem transport. Soluble sugar levels in plants significantly higher than seen individuals. There was no difference between two types during day, but concentration remained signiftcantly needles dark period. Results...

Abstract Longleaf pine, Pinus palustris, exhibits variation in size of guard cells, interstomatal distance, and to a lesser extent stomatal distribution per unit area needle. These morphogenetic characteristics follow the north-south east-west distributions species. Thus, cell increases from north south west east. On distribution, longleaf pine North Carolina origin smaller cells than South Carolina, Georgia Florida origins while Texas has those Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama on...