Considerably less research has been done on modeling freight demand with disaggregate discrete models than passenger demand. The principal reason for this imbalance is the lack of data. Freight characteristics are expensive to obtain and sometimes confidential. This paper analyzes that drive modal choice by means a large-scale, national, revealed preference database shippers in France 1988, using nested logit. Particular attention given private transportation (own account transportation)...

Silica thin films containing uniformly dispersed lanthanum hexaboride (LaB₆) nanoparticles have been prepared by spin-coating a sol-gel silica solution cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB)-stabilized LaB₆ onto glass substrate followed standard heat treatment. The production of this film involved three steps: (i) CTAB-stabilized nanoparticle dispersion was in water and then dried, (ii) the dried were redispersed small amount mixed with tetraethoxyorthosilane (TEOS), ethanol, little acid to...

This study reports a novel, multifunctional, and easily obtained modifier to support the rapid advancements in field of filtration. Polydopamine (PDA) particles (PDAPs) have been reported as filler for constructing polymer composites, but because their poor thermal stability, use PDAPs high-temperature blend melt systems construct antifouling membranes was rare. In this paper, high-thermal-stability methoxy polyethylene glycol amine (mPEG-NH2)-functionalized PDA nanoparticles (mPDAPs) were...

This paper reports on the fabrication of cantilever silicon-on-insulator (SOI) optical waveguides and presents solutions to challenges using a very thin 260-nm active silicon layer in SOI structure enable single-transverse-mode operation waveguide with minimal transmission losses. In particular, ameliorate anchor effect caused by mean stress difference between buried oxide layer, flattening process based Ar plasma treatment is developed presented. Vertical deflections 0.5 μm for 70-μm-long...

The principal aim of this work was to characterize deep silicon etching at sample temperatures well below room temperature, using an SF6/O2 inductively coupled plasma for micro-electro-mechanical systems applications. In paper, a study the etch rates and profiles trenches has been undertaken series parameters, including RF power, stage temperature O2 gas flow rate. Based on experimental observations, formation SiOxFy passivation layer, rate ion collision through sheath field crystallographic...

Active magnetically suspended control moment gyro is a novel attitude actuator for satellites. It mainly composed of rotor, active magnetic bearing (AMB) and motor. As crucial supporting component gyro, the performance AMB directly related to stability rotor system pointing precision Therefore, calibrating parameters essential realization super-quiet This paper proposed model calibration method, known as deep reinforcement learning-based frame (DRLMC). First, dynamics with damage degradation...

The oil spillage monitoring probe is developed by oxygen consumption sensor and hydrophobic/oleophilic porous materials. oils could be monitored when they absorbed into the pores of material to deplete level inside material.

We present the design, fabrication, and optical mechanical characterization of silicon-/silicon-oxide-based filters distributed Bragg reflectors in sizes ranging from 500 μm × to 5 mm mm. They are designed be used conjunction with either single-element photodetectors or large-area focal plane arrays realize tunable multispectral sensors adaptive shortwave infrared wavelength range. Surface profile measurements indicate a flatness order 30 nm fabricated structures across several millimeters....

In this paper, we present the optimization of optical and mechanical properties inductively coupled plasma chemical vapor deposited (ICPCVD) amorphous silicon thin films for fabrication high-quality microelectromechanical systems-based devices operating from visible to short-wave infrared wavelengths (450-3000 nm). Our results indicate that, at relatively high deposition temperatures CVD, a decrease in ICP power with lower tensile stress, higher refractive index, extinction coefficient. We...

Abstract This paper presents methods of determining the long-term stability vitamin E emulsion and formation microemulsions. Several systems formed by using anionic, zwitterionic cationic surfactants have been studied in presence absence NaCI. conclusions can be drawn: (1) UV absorption particle size measurements, one may able to predict an or possibility forming a microemulsion measuring initial properties emulsion, (2) order form stable microemulsion, should following features : (a) is ≤...

Optical temperature measurement technique has been widely researched in current detection field. Because the three-color thermometry based on color CCD many disadvantages affecting precision, such as non-ideal spectral responsive bandwidth of RGB three-channel, emissivity variance and nonlinear output channel, well few visible light share all radiant energy. So a new design system two-color imaging adaptive optics proposed this paper. This was designed according to principle self-adaption...

Dispersion of lanthanum hexaboride (LaB <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sub> ) nanoparticles in water and sol-gel silica was investigated. The average size nanoparticles/agglomenties decreases with increasing magnitude the zeta potential without citric acid. Citrate-coated LaB were freeze-dried mixed TEOS/ethanol/water/HCl to disperse silica. A model for interaction citrate coated is presented.

Finite difference time domain (FDTD) was used to model through a waveguide consisting of deflecting cantilever butt-coupling into fixed waveguide. Adequate dynamic range for signal modulation has been shown in the dependence transmitted power on deflection presented fabrication. Effects towards fabrication modulated structure revealed stress gradients SOI's top Si layer that serves structure.

AgSnO 2 contact materials have begun to replace toxic AgCdO in switching devices such as contactors and circuit breakers since 1970s [1,, which is partly due the fact that shown higher service lives, better welding resistance less arc erosion of larger size [. Furthermore, growing awareness environmental problems makes it desirable However, these suffer from an inadequate behavior compared with It was observed made by traditional metallurgical process exhibited high overtemperatures...

Non-thermal plasma (NTP) technology has a good application prospect in diesel after-treatment field, but few studies on the effects of NTP PAHs emissions had been carried out. In this paper, concentrations at different loads before and after treatment DNTP were studied, combined GC/MS analysis with external standard method. The results indicate that total 149.46, 102.44, 107.34 and139.69μg/m -3 25% , 50%, 75%, 100% load, 2000r/min respectively reduced to 88.96, 77.31, 88.51 138.22μg/m DNTP,...

Abstract The high-pressure phase Ge-II of germanium has similar metal cutting characteristics. In single-point diamond turning, in order to maximize the high transition zone germanium, that is easily make ductile realized. single factor test method used simulate ultra-precision turning process under different machining parameters and tool geometric parameters. Through calculation area change simulation results description temperature law, influence law geometry on evolution obtained, which...