A5037607575- Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
- Laser-Plasma Interactions and Diagnostics
- Laser-induced spectroscopy and plasma
- High-pressure geophysics and materials
- Atomic and Molecular Physics
- Soil and Water Nutrient Dynamics
- Mycorrhizal Fungi and Plant Interactions
- Advanced Chemical Physics Studies
- Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive Physiology
- Gyrotron and Vacuum Electronics Research
- Agronomic Practices and Intercropping Systems
- Bioenergy crop production and management
- Diamond and Carbon-based Materials Research
- Soil and Unsaturated Flow
- Particle accelerators and beam dynamics
- Rangeland and Wildlife Management
- Pasture and Agricultural Systems
- Ion-surface interactions and analysis
- Microbial Natural Products and Biosynthesis
- Heavy metals in environment
- Fungal Biology and Applications
- Dust and Plasma Wave Phenomena
- Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies
- Biofuel production and bioconversion
- Plant and animal studies
Energetics (United States)
2022-2024
University of Rochester
2022-2024
Los Alamos National Laboratory
2022
Rodale Institute
2015-2018
The Ohio State University
2015
Northern Great Plains Research Laboratory
2004-2014
Agricultural Research Service
2004-2011
United States Department of Agriculture
2004-2010
University of Mary
2008
We report the results of second charged-particle transport coefficient code comparison workshop, which was held in Livermore, California on 24–27 July 2023. This workshop gathered theoretical, computational, and experimental scientists to assess state computational techniques for understanding coefficients relevant high-energy-density plasma science. Data electronic ionic coefficients, namely, direct current electrical conductivity, electron thermal ion shear viscosity, conductivity were...
Ion stopping in warm dense matter is a process of fundamental importance for the understanding properties plasmas, realization and interpretation experiments involving ion-beam-heated samples, inertial confinement fusion research. The theoretical description ion power difficult notably due to electron coupling degeneracy, measurements are still largely missing. In particular, low-velocity range, that features largest modelling uncertainties, remains virtually unexplored. Here, we report...
Two important extractable fractions of soil organic matter (SOM) arehumic acid (HA) and glomalin-related protein (glomalin). Optimizing the purity each fraction is necessary to correlate quantity molecular characteristics with quality. Manipulation extraction sequence controlled precipitation HA were used evaluate co-extraction glomalin. Eight bulk samples (0 10 cm depth) collected from four U.S. states (Colorado, Nebraska, Maryland, Georgia). In Experiment 1, glomalin (50 mM citrate, pH...
Cover crops can expand ecosystem services, though sound management recommendations for their use within semiarid cropping systems is currently constrained by a lack of information. This study was conducted to determine agroecosystem responses late‐summer seeded cover under no‐till management, with particular emphasis on soil attributes. Short‐term effects water, available N, near‐surface quality, and residue were investigated during three consecutive years the Area IV Soil Conservation...
Real-time time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) is widely considered to be the most accurate available method for calculating electronic stopping powers from first principles, but there have been relatively few assessments of consistency its predictions across different implementations. This problem particularly acute in warm dense regime, where computational costs are high and experimental validation rare resource intensive. We report a comprehensive cross-verification power...
Warm dense matter (WDM) describes an intermediate phase, between condensed and classical plasmas, found in natural man-made systems. In a laboratory setting, WDM is often created dynamically. It typically laser or pulse-power generated can be difficult to characterize experimentally. Measuring the energy loss of high ions, caused by target, both promising diagnostic fundamental importance inertial confinement fusion research. However, electron coupling, degeneracy, quantum effects limit...
Nonlocal electron transport is important for understanding laser-target coupling laser-direct-drive (LDD) inertial confinement fusion (ICF) simulations. Current models the nonlocal mean free path in radiation-hydrodynamic codes are based on plasma-physics developed decades ago; improvements needed to accurately predict conduction LDD simulations of ICF target implosions. We utilized time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculate stopping power (SP) so-called conduction-zone...
To develop appropriate bioenergy production systems to match site‐specific situations, establishment and yield were evaluated for switchgrass ( Panicum virgatum L.), intermediate wheatgrass [ Thinopyrum intermedium (Host) Barkworth D.R. Dewey], tall ponticum (Podp.) Z.‐W. Liu R.‐C. Wang], three binary mixtures at four sites in North Dakota from 2006 2011. One year after seeding 2007, wheatgrass, a mixture of with ‘Sunburst’ (dominated by wheatgrass) stand canopy cover was above 85% all...
Core Ideas Information about forage‐induced changes to soil properties is lacking. Soil responses perennial forages were quantified in a semiarid region over 5 yr. Perennial maintained or improved near‐surface conditions. However, effects subtle and occurred slowly. Integration of annual cropping systems can expand ecosystem service benefits agricultural landscapes. Such are frequently derived from properties. Unfortunately, there limited guidance for producers regarding the length time...
A wide-range (0 to 1044.0 g/${\mathrm{cm}}^{3}$ and 0 ${10}^{9}$ K) equation-of-state (EOS) table for a ${\mathrm{CH}}_{1.72}{\mathrm{O}}_{0.37}{\mathrm{N}}_{0.086}$ quaternary compound has been constructed based on density-functional theory (DFT) molecular-dynamics (MD) calculations using combination of Kohn-Sham DFT MD, orbital-free numerical extrapolation. The first-principles EOS data are compared with predictions simple models, including the fully ionized ideal gas Fermi-degenerate...
Accurate knowledge of the electronic transport properties warm dense matter is one main concerns research in high-energy-density physics. Three modern approaches with vastly different levels fidelity are reviewed and compared: Kubo–Greenwood (KG) approach based on density-functional-theory molecular dynamics simulations (QMD), quantum kinetic theory average-atom models, time-dependent density functional theory. Throughout, emphasis placed connection between static electrons (e.g., states)...
Laser-direct-drive fusion target designs with solid deuterium-tritium (DT) fuel, a high-Z gradient-density pusher shell (GDPS), and Au-coated foam layer have been investigated through both 1D 2D radiation-hydrodynamic simulations. Compared conventional low-Z ablators DT-push-on-DT targets, these GDPS targets possess certain advantages of being instability-resistant implosions that can be high adiabat (α≥8) low hot-spot pusher-shell convergence (CR_{hs}≈22 CR_{PS}≈17), implosion velocity...
This study was designed to determine how glomalin production relates accumulation in three sequential greenhouse culturing periods using a soilless potting medium. The data indicated that this stable glycoprotein washed out the pot bottom, and did not accumulate hyphal chamber.
Dryland cropping in the northern Great Plains of North America has long been viewed a risky endeavor (Sarvis and Thysell 1936). The region's unpredictable climate—characterized by short, erratic growing conditions limited rainfall—has challenged farmers since arrival European settlers over 140 years ago (Padbury et al. 2002). Following breaking native prairie, systems region have evolved considerably, from tillage-intensive wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)–fallow to dynamic practices under...
Understanding laser–target coupling is of the utmost importance for achieving high performance in laser-direct-drive (LDD) inertial confinement fusion (ICF) experiments. Thus, accurate modeling electron transport and deposition through ICF-relevant materials conditions necessary to quantify total thermal conduction ablation. The stopping range a key quantity used models; this work, we review overall role that mean free path (MFP) plays hydrodynamic simulations. currently modified Lee–More...
Archived soil samples are an important resource for quantifying changes in attributes over decadal time scales. Herein, we describe a archive at the USDA‐ARS Northern Great Plains Research Laboratory (NGPRL) near Mandan, ND with intent of encouraging research collaboration through utilization archive. Over 5000 included NGPRL archive, ranging age from 4 to 90 yr. Samples were derived both grazing and cropping studies, former being conducted latter as part evaluation C N change multiple...
Real-time time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) is widely considered to be the most accurate available method for calculating electronic stopping powers from first principles, but there have been relatively few assessments of consistency its predictions across different implementations. This problem particularly acute in warm dense regime, where computational costs are high and experimental validation rare resource intensive. We report a comprehensive cross-verification power...
Our ongoing systematic work on developing new sources of antiproliferative compounds led to the isolation bioactive fungus Penicillium chrysogenum from liverwort Trichoclea tomentella collected in Newport, Virginia. Bioassay guided fractionation an Ethyl Acetate extract a fermentation this strain using potato dextrose agar 2,5-dihydroxybenzyl alcohol (1) and epiepoxydon (2) as active with IC50 values 6.4 24.3µM, respectively. Fermentation same rice medium afforded fraction value 2.5 µg/mL...
Soil quality, soil health, and sustainability are concepts that being widely used but difficult to define illustrate, especially a non‐technical audience. The objectives of this manuscript were develop simple inexpensive methodologies both qualitatively quantitatively estimate water infiltration rates (IR), water‐holding capacity at saturation (WHC s ), potential nitrate‐nitrogen (NO 3 –N) loss test the accuracy precision these methods. Complete details for how assemble appropriate supplies...