We present the full nonlinear calculation of formation a Q ball through Affleck-Dine (AD) mechanism by numerical simulations. It is shown that large balls are actually produced fragmentation condensate scalar field whose potential very flat. find typical size determined most developed mode linearized fluctuations, and almost all initial charges which AD carries absorbed into formed balls, sizes depend only on charge densities.

Abstract We report a new CO observation survey of LHAASO J0341+5258, using the Nobeyama Radio Observatory 45-m telescope. J0341+5258 is one unidentified ultra-high-energy (UHE; E &gt; 100 TeV) gamma-ray sources detected by LHAASO. Our observations were conducted in 2024 February and March, with total time 36 hr, covering source (∼0 <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mover> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>.</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mtext>°</mml:mtext>...

We study the formation of Q-balls which are made flat directions that appear in supersymmetric extension standard model context gravity-mediated supersymmetry breaking. The full non-linear calculations for dynamics complex scalar field made. Since potential this is flatter than \phi^2, we have found fluctuations develop and go to form non-topological solitons, Q-balls. size a Q-ball determined by most amplified mode, completely parameters. On other hand, charge depends linearly on initial...

We consider the Affleck-Dine baryogenesis comprehensively in minimal supersymmetric standard model with gauge-mediated supersymmetry breaking. Considering high temperature effects, we see that field is naturally deformed into form of Q ball. In natural scenario where initial amplitude and A-terms are both determined by nonrenormalizable superpotential, obtain only very a narrow allowed region parameter space order to explain baryon number universe for case Q-ball formation occurs just after...

We find that there exists a soliton-like solution “I-ball” in theories of real scalar field if the potential satisfies appropriate conditions. Although I-ball does not have any topological or global U(1) charges, its stability is ensured by adiabatic invariance for oscillating field.

We propose that the inflaton is coupled to ordinary matter only gravitationally and it decays into a completely hidden sector. In this scenario both baryonic dark originate from decay of flat direction minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM), which shown generate desired adiabatic perturbation spectrum via curvaton mechanism. The requirement energy density along dominates over products fixes almost uniquely. present residual in sector typically be small.

We study in detail the possibility that flat directions of minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM) could act as a curvaton and generate observed adiabatic density perturbations. For direction energy has to dominate Universe at time when it decays. point out this is not possible if inflaton decays into MSSM degrees freedom. If completely hidden sector, its decay products do couple direction, can density. This requires absence Hubble-induced mass for curvaton, e.g. by virtue Heisenberg...

We obtain a new type of stable Q ball in the context gauge-mediated supersymmetry breaking minimal supersymmetric standard model. It is so-called gravity-mediation ball, but against decay into nucleons, since energy per unit charge equal to gravitino mass m(3/2), which can be smaller than nucleon gauge-mediation mechanism. consider cosmological consequences this Q-ball scenario, and find that considered as dark matter source for baryon number universe simultaneously.

We construct an axion model for generating isocurvature fluctuations with blue spectrum, ${n}_{\mathrm{iso}}=2--4$, which is suggested by recent analyses of admixture adiabatic and perturbations independent spectral indices, ${n}_{\mathrm{ad}}\ensuremath{\ne}{n}_{\mathrm{iso}}$. The distinctive feature the that spectrum at large scales while scale invariant small scales. This naturally realized dynamics Peccei-Quinn scalar field.

We revisit to investigate shadows cast by Kerr-like wormholes. The boundary of the shadow is determined unstable circular photon orbits. find that, in certain parameter regions, orbit located at throat wormhole, which was not considered literature. In these cases, existence alters shape significantly, and makes it possible for us differentiate from that a Kerr black hole.

Abstract The recent observation of 4 He favors a large lepton asymmetry at the big bang nucleosynthesis. If Q-balls with charge decay after electroweak phase transition, such can be generated without producing too baryon asymmetry. In this scenario, dominate universe before and induces sharp transition from early matter-dominated era to radiation-dominated era. gravitational waves (GWs) are enhanced through second-order effect scalar perturbations. We evaluate density produced GWs show that...

The inflaton condensate associated with a global symmetry can fragment into quasistable Q balls, provided the oscillations give rise to an effective equation of state negative pressure. We study chaotic inflation running mass and show that, depending on sign radiative correction, process fragmentation inflatonic balls actually take place even though no net charge exists. If main decay channel ball is fermions, universe will be reheated slowly via surface evaporation.

We investigate that the two types of $Q$-balls explain baryon asymmetry and dark matter Universe in gauge-mediated supersymmetry breaking. The gauge-mediation type one flat direction produce asymmetry, while new another become matter. show are free from neutron star constraint. $n=5$ gauge mediation $n=6$ displayed as an example, where potential is lifted by superpotential ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Phi}}}^{n}$. These may be detected future observations, such advanced IceCube-like observations.

We consider the formation of topological defects after inflation. In order to take into account effects rescattering fluctuations, we integrate classical equation that describes evolution a complex scalar field on two-dimensional lattice with slab symmetry. The growth fluctuations during preheating is found not be enough for defect formation, and rather long stage necessary. conclude are formed if breaking scale $\ensuremath{\eta}$ larger than...

We consider the possibility that dark energy responsible for inflation is deposited into extra dimensions outside of our observable Universe. Reheating and all matter can then be obtained from minimal supersymmetric standard model flat direction condensate involving Higgs bosons Hu Hd, which acquires large amplitude by virtue quantum fluctuations during inflation. The reheat temperature TRH < or = 10(9) GeV so there no gravitino problem. find a spectral index ns 1 with very weak dependence...

We study the dynamics of a scalar field \Phi with potential g(|\Phi|^2-\eta^2)^2/2 (g=self-coupling constant, \eta=symmetry breaking scale) after inflation and make clear whether topological defects can ever be formed during preheating. In particular, we pay attention to GUT (\eta \sim 10^{15}GeV - 10^{17}GeV), consider three types fluctuations. The first one is produced due parametric resonance, second negative curvature potential, last created inflation. search for parameter region that...

We describe a new mechanism for reheating the Universe through evaporation of surface charge fragmented inflaton condensate. show that range Yukawa coupling to matter sector gives rise much smaller reheat temperature compared standard perturbative decay. As consequence, effect could solve gravitino and moduli overproduction problem in inflationary models without fine tuning sector.

The 511 keV photons from the galactic center can be explained by positrons produced through $Q$-ball decay. In scheme of gauge-mediated supersymmetry breaking, large $Q$ balls with lepton charge are necessarily long-lived. particular, lifetime as long (or even longer than) age Universe. If kinematically allowed, such decay into positrons, which eventually annihilate electrons photons. Our scenario is realized within minimal supersymmetric standard model in inflationary universe, very plausible.

We argue that, in the Affleck–Dine mechanism, baryonic isocurvature fluctuations are generated most inflation models supergravity. The inflationary scale and a reheating temperature constrained order not to induce too large fluctuations. In particular, high-scale with high temperatures disfavored this context.

We investigate the $Q$-ball decay in gauge-mediated supersymmetry breaking. $Q$ balls mainly into nucleons, and partially gravitinos, while they are kinematically forbidden to sparticles which would be cosmologically harmful. This is achieved by charge small enough unstable for large protected from an unwanted channel. can then have right amounts of baryon asymmetry dark matter universe, evading any astrophysical cosmological observational constraints such as big bang nucleosynthesis, has...

We show that UV photons produced by decaying particles can partially reionize the Universe and explain large optical depth observed Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe. Together with fluxes from early formed stars quasars, it is possible fully ionized at $z\ensuremath{\lesssim}6$ $z\ensuremath{\gtrsim}6$ as Sloan Digital Sky Survey for a parameter space of particle. This scenario will be discriminated future observations, especially EE polarization power spectrum cosmic microwave background...

We study the Affleck-Dine mechanism with various types of Kahler potential, and investigate whether or not field could acquire a large VEV as an initial condition for successful baryogenesis. In addition to negative Hubble-induced mass term, we find that enough A-terms also develop minimum at amplitude field. Therefore, works broader classes theories.

We obtain the spectrum of gamma-ray emissions from moduli whose decay into ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ accounts for 511 keV line observed by SPI/INTERGRAL. The emit gamma rays through internal bremsstrahlung, and also directly two gammas via tree and/or one-loop diagrams. show that bremsstahlung constrains mass below $\ensuremath{\sim}40\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{MeV}$ model-independently. On other hand, flux decayed diagrams will exceed galactic diffuse background if exceeds...