Developmental bisphenol A (BPA) exposure is associated with adverse behavioral effects, although underlying modes of action remain unclear. Because BPA a suspected xenoestrogen, the objective was to identify sex-based changes in adult zebrafish social behavior developmentally exposed (0.0, 0.1, or 1 μM) one two control compounds (0.1 μM 17β-estradiol [E2], and 0.1 GSK4716, synthetic estrogen-related receptor γ ligand). test chamber divided lengthwise so each arena held fish unable detect...

Methylmercury (MeHg) is a known neurotoxic agent, but the mechanisms by which MeHg may act on reproductive pathways are relatively unknown. Several studies have indicated potential changes in hormone levels as well declines vertebrates with increasing dietary exposure.The purpose of this study was to identify alterations gene expression associated exposure, specifically those previously observed reproduction and biomarkers. Fathead minnows, Pimephales promelas, were fed one three diets that...

Lead (Pb) is a neurotoxic element that causes behavioral dysfunction in fishes within days of exposure to sublethal concentrations. To test the hypothesis internal stores Pb have long-term effects, Pb-exposed (0.3 ppm) fish were either treated with Pb-chelating drug meso-2,3 dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) or returned controlconditions (0.0 ppm Pb). Swimming capacity improved after 7-day DMSA (1.5 (ANOVA P < 0.05). Removing from conditions waterborne did not achieve this result; alone without...

Zebrafish Danio rerio embryos were exposed to 0, 25, 50 or 75 ppb Hg 2+ from 0 24 h post‐fertilization (hpf) then placed into ‐free water. Inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrophotometer analysis of whole embryo content at hpf showed a positive correlation with exposure regime (Pearson's one‐tailed, r 2 = 0·698, P &lt; 0·01); 5 days post‐hatch (dph), larval was not detectable. ‐induced behavioural deficits in larvae were, therefore, due changes during embryogenesis and residual the larvae....

Sulfide ions are a constituent of the cadmium-binding protein-II in alga Euglena gracilis. Their presence was demonstrated by methylene blue assay, acid labilization induced reductions Cd-S charge transfer band at 254 nm and reactions with thiol reagent, 5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB). Direct reduction DTNB sulfide precipitation CdS yield complex stoichiometry for reaction. The S2-/Cd2+ ratios determined, 1.25 +/- 0.10 (methylene blue) 1.37 0.16 (DTNB), good agreement.

Lead (Pb2+) affects neuronal and endocrine systems that influence social interactions. By providing potential hiding locations, spatial heterogeneity may affect Pb2+-induced behavioral outcomes. Therefore, a test chamber was designed into which refuge could be inserted. The allowed subjects to escape from the mirror image stimulated agonistic Behaviors with were compared baseline activity patterns without mirror. Adult (12-month old) male female zebrafish, exposed Pb2+ (0–10 μM) as embryos...

Abstract Lead (Pb) has been shown to affect the behavior of a wide variety vertebrates, including fish, amphibians, and mammals. This article re—examines previous data on effect short—term, sublethal levels waterborne Pb reproductive fathead minnows ( Pimephales promelas ). Previous research found that decreased time spent in displaying specific behaviors male minnows. Because each activity performed within sequence depends upon parts sequence, fish is not randomly distributed but presented...

The muscarinic cholinergic antagonist atropine is the most widely used pharmacological treatment for visual disorder myopia (short-sightedness), leading cause of low-vision worldwide. This study sought to better define mechanism by which inhibits myopic growth. Although classified as a muscarinic-cholinergic antagonist, has been found bind and modulate activity several non-cholinergic systems (e.g., serotonin). Thus, this investigated whether serotonergic system could underly atropine's...

The physiochemical properties and physiological significance of the cadmium-binding protein (CdBP) algae Euglena gracilis have been studied. Following in vivo exposure cells to 0.4 or 1.3 micrograms/mL Cd2+, all cytosolic Cd is bound high molecular weight species. At 4.7 micrograms/mL, appreciable CdBP has formed grown under illumination dark. An analogous ZnBP could not be isolated from control Zn-exposed (20 micrograms/mL) cells, but zinc a trace copper were when 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME)...

It is widely recognized that the nature and severity of responses to toxic exposure are age-dependent. Using active avoidance conditioning as behavioral paradigm, present study examined effect short-term methylmercury (MeHg) on two adult age classes, 1- 2-year-olds coincide with zebrafish in relatively peak vs. declining health conditions. In Experiment 1, 2-year-old were randomly divided into groups exposed no MeHg, 0.15% ethanol (EtOH), 0.01, 0.03, 0.1, or 0.3 μM MeHg (in ethanol) for 2...

This article presents a detailed guide for high school through graduate level instructors that leads students to write effective and well-organized scientific papers. Interesting research emerges from the ability ask questions, define problems, design experiments, analyze interpret data, make critical connections. process is incomplete, unless new results are communicated others because science fundamentally requires peer review criticism validate or discard proposed knowledge. Thus, concise...