The patterns of fractures in deformed rocks are rarely uniform or random. Fracture orientations, sizes, and spatial distributions often exhibit some kind order. In detail, relationships may exist among the different fracture attributes, e.g. small dominated by one orientation, larger another. These important because mechanical (e.g. strength, anisotropy) transport fluids, heat) properties rock depend on these attributes patterns. This paper describes FracPaQ, a new open source,...

Characterising fractures at outcrop for use as analogues to fractured reservoirs can several methods. Four important fracture data collection methods are linear scanline sampling, areal window sampling and circular sampling. In regions of homogeneous networks these adequate characterise patterns analogues, however where heterogeneous, it is more difficult a different approach needed. We develop workflow in region heterogeneous fold thrust belt, which we believe has applicability wide variety...

In fold-and-thrust belts rocks undergo deformation as fold geometries evolve. Deformation may be accommodated by brittle fracturing, which can vary depending on structural position. We use 2D forward modelling and 3D restorations to determine strain distributions throughout folds of the Achnashellach Culmination, Moine Thrust Belt, NW Scotland. Fracture data is taken from Torridon Group; a thick, coarse grained fluviatile sandstone deposited during Proterozoic. Modelling infers correlation...

Understanding fracture network variation is fundamental in characterising fractured reservoirs. Simple relationships between fractures, stress and strain are commonly assumed fold-thrust structures, inferring relatively homogeneous patterns. In reality fractures more complex, appearing as heterogeneous networks at outcrop. We use the Achnashellach Culmination (NW Scotland) an outcrop analogue to a folded tight sandstone reservoir thrust belt. present data collected from four structures...

Abstract The margins to evolving orogenic belts experience near layer-parallel contraction that can evolve into fold–thrust belts. Developing cross-section-scale understanding of these systems necessitates structural interpretation. However, over the past several decades a false distinction has arisen between some forms so-called fault-related folding and buckle folding. We investigate origins this confusion seek develop unified approaches for interpreting incorporate deformation arising...

Abstract Raman spectroscopy allows thermal maturation of carbonaceous sediments to be determined. The technique has been employed on metamorphic samples exceeding temperatures 270°C, but recently shown effective at lower temperatures. Thermal techniques commonly depend sample size, have varying efficacies different and in conditions. underlying processes are not well understood, thus data interpretation can ambiguous. Here we show the efficacy as a low-temperature marker thrust belt. Bornes...

We investigate changes in shortening, displacement and fold geometry to understand the detailed along-strike structural variation within fold-thrust belts, infer thrust growth linkage mechanisms. Field observations from Vercors SE France are used characterise deformation style region. Parallel cross sections constructed, analysed create shortening profiles northern southern Vercors. Sections show accommodation thrust-dominated north fold-dominated south. The total distance does not change...

Abstract. Subsurface datasets typically lack the resolution or coverage to adequately sample fracture networks in 3D, and properties are extrapolated from available data (e.g. seismic wellbore image logs). Here we assess applicability of extrapolating (orientation, length, intensity) across observation scales deformed, mechanically layered carbonate rocks. Data derived high-resolution field images, medium-resolution digital outcrop data, relatively low-resolution satellite imagery at Swift...

Many thrust systems, including parts of the Moine Thrust Belt, are commonly interpreted as rather simple imbricate fans, splaying from a master detachment (floor thrust) at depth.We use field observations and geological map data to construct cross-sections through Achnashellach Culmination, southern Northwest Scotland, test this interpretation.Initially constructed by assuming single lower detachment; line length imbalances trajectory mismatches between deformed restored-state sections...

Abstract Where primary porosity and permeability of a rock are unfavourable for hydrocarbon production, fractures can improve reservoir potential by enhancing permeability. Higher fracture intensity may create better-connected network, improving fractured-reservoir quality. Investigations into the controls on commonly conclude that either structural or lithological factors have greatest influence abundance. We use Swift Reservoir Anticline in northwestern Montana to investigate how varies...

Abstract. Natural fracture patterns have long been associated with fold formation. Conceptual models of fractures are used to predict networks and hence subsurface properties such as connectivity, intensity fluid flow. Subsurface datasets typically lack the resolution or coverage adequately sample in 3D, however, geometric extrapolated from available data (e.g., seismic wellbore image logs). Here we assess applicability extrapolating (orientation, length intensity) one observation scale...

Abstract As students learn the engineering design process, it is important for them to consider global contexts. However, hands-on experience practicing this skill often lacking in standard curricula. From 2021-2022, three workshops were implemented which exposed approximately 100 undergraduate science and medical device low-resource settings. Each two-day workshop exposes from across disciplines real world scenarios sub-Saharan Africa. Participants work teams ideate prototype healthcare...