The optical properties of glasses containing a small amount thermally developed CdSexS1−x microcrystalline phase are studied with emphasis on quantum confinement effects exhibited at crystallite size. Optical absorption, photoluminescence, x-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy used to examine microcrystallites as function composition development. Results presented for series commercially available CorningR filter selenium mole fraction in the range 0.28≤x≤0.74, well several...

We report results of degenerate four-wave mixing measurements nonresonant nonlinearities in a variety high-index lead and bismuth containing oxide glasses the chalcogenide As2S3. The third-order nonlinear susceptibilities are found to scale with heavy metal content. A lead-bismuth-gallate glass was identified χ3 equal 42±7×10−14 esu, which is approximately three times larger than that any previously reported.

We have generated pulses as short 4 psec at 1530 nm from a mode-locked erbium-doped fiber laser. The mode locker is wide-bandwidth, lithium niobate guided-wave modulator, and the laser completely integrated. present evidence that soliton pulse shaping playing key role in formation of pulses.

The optical nonlinearity of commercial and experimental CdSexS1−x glasses has been studied using a single-beam absorption saturation technique employing 1−5-psec pulses. Glasses showing strong three-dimensional quantum-confinement effects were found to be more difficult saturate than with larger crystallites that exhibit bulk crystallike properties. effect anion stoichiometry on the was also in non-quantum-confined glasses. Within range 0.48 < x ≤ 1.0, little difference observed.

A new nonlinear-optical material based on lead–tin fluorophosphate glass doped with the organic dyes Acridine Orange and Yellow has been developed. These materials are saturable absorbers characterized by saturation intensities of ~100 mW cm−2, response times ~1 msec, third-order nonlinear susceptibilities ~0.1 esu. The low melting temperature permits doping many without causing their decomposition.

Ventricular arrhythmias (VA) are common in patients being evaluated for left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) but the impact of comorbid right dysfunction (RVD) on outcomes after LVAD is not known. We performed a single-center, retrospective cohort study undergoing implantation from 2005 to 2021. Patients were stratified by VA history before into no VA, low burden (LBVA), or clinically significant (CSVA) groups. Right function was assessed baseline echo. Time-to-event analyses used with...

A single-mode lead silicate optical fiber has been fabricated to permit lower-power all-optical switching. The core glass a nonlinear index of refraction eight times that silica. loss the is less than 2 dB/m. Over 177pi phase shift was obtained, as measured by self-phase modulation, in 29-cm length fiber. At 1-kW peak power level required produce this large shift, two-photon absorption and stimulated Raman scattering did not significantly degrade desired behavior.

Increasing demand has caused substantial interest in high bit rate (> 5 Gbit/s) telephony systems, as reflected emerging use of dispersion-shifted fibers for 1550 nm transmission new system installations. However, the upgrading existing standard single-mode 1310 optimized optical fiber routes to higher capacities is also great concern long-haul telecommunication providers with large embedded systems. Ideally, upgrade method would provide both increased data rates and longer span capability,...

A strategy is presented for the dispersion-compensated, flexible upgrading of existing 1310 nm-optimised interoffice fibre networks by using an optical equaliser dispersion compensation, erbium-doped amplifier loss compensation and 1310/1550 nm WDM. This allows upgrade to higher network capacities including long-distance, multigigabit per second SONET systems as required in future survivable networks. The feasibility this concept demonstrated with dispersion-free transmission at both 1550...

Vibronic sidebands associated with the $^{6}P_{\frac{7}{2}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}^{8}S_{\frac{7}{2}}$ transition of ${\mathrm{Gd}}^{3+}$ -doped metaphosphate glasses are observed using line-narrowed fluorescence techniques. Glasses having metal cations different mass and charge (La,Al,Mg,Ba) examined. spectra, which probe vibrations about rare-earth element site, compared polarized Raman scattering data infrared dielectric constant obtained from near-normal reflectance measurements....

The electro-optic Kerr effect and its wavelength dispersion have been measured in glasses representing several compositional systems. was found to be large for having refractive indices, including: (i) containing high concentrations of the heavy metals Pb, Bi, Tl; (ii) with Nb, Ta, Ti content; (iii) tellurite glasses. Comparison third-order nonlinear susceptibility, χeff(ω = ω + 0 0), obtained from data, values estimated literature optical frequency value, − ω) suggest an opposition...

Characteristics of chromium-doped mullite ceramics are discussed with reference to possible laser applications. Dominant features attributed large and inherent spectroscopic inhomogeneity mullite. The data analyzed using a generalized McCumber theory. peak stimulated emission cross section is 0.54*10/sup -20/ cm/sup 2/. This, together preliminary single-pass measurements, indicate that gain for bout 2.6 times smaller than alexandrite.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"...

Polarized and time-resolved resonant laser-excited fluorescence spectra were recorded for the 4F3/2→4I11/2 transition of Nd3+ in several commercial silicate phosphate glasses. Excitation sources pulsed Nd:LiYF4 (1053 nm) Nd:Y3Al5O12 (1064 lasers. Measurements line-narrowed yield linewidths ranging from 35 to 64±10 cm−1, depolarization ratios 0.81 0.93, spectral energy transfer rates ≲3×103 s−1 concentrations≲2×1020 cm−3. The variations these properties with wavelength glass composition are...

Polarized 4F3/2→4I11/2 and 4F3/2→4F9/2 emission of Nd3+ in silicate laser glasses are measured using resonant nonresonant fluorescence line narrowing techniques. The observed depolarization ratio is a measure the anisotropy stimulated cross section degree polarization hole burning that will occur for lasers operating large-signal gain regime.

Erbium-doped-fiber amplifiers (EDFA's) have reduced the importance of loss in lightwave system design; however, EDFA's are limited that they operate only 1550-nm window. The best solution for new installations is use dispersion-shifted fiber. There a large installed base fiber optimized 1310nm operation; this becomes dispersion at 1550 nm if used long lengths or high bit rates. To fully utilize systems, technique compensating chromatic transmission required.

Vibronic sidebands associated with the $^{6}P_{\frac{7}{2}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}^{8}S_{\frac{7}{2}}$ transition of ${\mathrm{Gd}}^{3+}$ in Be${\mathrm{F}}_{2}$ glass are observed use line-narrowed fluorescence techniques. Comparison relative intensities peaks vibronic, polarized Raman, and infrared (${\ensuremath{\epsilon}}_{2}$) spectra demonstrate that different selection rules operative. No variation vibronic laser excitation wavelength was detected.

Since nearly all optical fiber systems operate at 1300 nm, there has been a continuing effort to develop amplifiers for this wavelength with performance approaching that of erbium amplifiers. Nd3+ is one the most promising dopants in second communications window, but suffers from several serious drawbacks. For glass hosts, emission too long cover even central region window. Figure 1 compares 4F3/2 → 4I13/2 spectra common types. Note only fluorine-containing glasses emit useful wavelengths...

The fiber optical communication revolution has been fueled by well publicized and relentless improvements of transmission fiber. Since the demonstration first low-loss in 1972, there a continual stream technology designed to reduce impairments due propagation loss pulse dispersion. This steam led industry from multimode operated at 800 nm, standard single-mode used 1310 then on fibers that now have attributes tuned for particular applications such as terrestrial or submarine transimission....