The present study was undertaken to characterize the plasma kinetic disposition of tolfenamic acid (TA) in freshwater crocodiles. In total, 15 crocodiles were used experiment and randomly divided into three groups, with TA administered at 2 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) intravenously (IV) or 4 b.w. intramuscularly (IM). Blood samples collected predetermined times up 168 h after IV IM drug administration. Plasma concentrations determined using validated high-performance liquid chromatography a UV...

This study was conducted to evaluate the pharmacokinetic characteristics of vincristine and their correlation with its clinical effects in dogs transmissible venereal tumor (TVT). Dogs TVT were intravenously administered sulfate at a dose 0.7 mg/m2 body surface area. Blood samples collected starting from 5 min 48 hr after drug administration. The plasma concentration determined using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). parameters characterized two-compartmental model....

Zearalenone (ZEA) is a secondary fungal metabolite produced mainly by Fusarium graminearum. To clarify the toxicokinetics, and residues of ZEA its major metabolites α-zearalenol (α-ZOL) β-zearalenol (β-ZOL) in chickens, was then administered intravenously (iv) or orally (po) to broiler chickens at dosage 1.2 mg/kg body weight. The concentrations ZEA, α-ZOL β-ZOL plasma various tissues were quantified using LC–MS/MS. measurable up 2 h after iv po administration, detected 4 both types...

To evaluate the fate and disposition of marbofloxacin ( MBF ) in freshwater crocodiles (Crocodylus siamensis) , was administered either intravenously (i.v.) or intramuscularly (i.m.) at a dosage 2.0 mg/kg body weight. The concentrations plasma were measured using high‐performance liquid chromatography equipped with fluorescence detector. measurable up to 144 h after i.v. i.m. administration. After first 45 min, mean pharmacokinetic profiles produced by two administration routes almost...

Abstract To the best of authors’ knowledge, pharmacokinetic information to establish suitable therapeutic plans for freshwater crocodiles is limited. Therefore, purpose this study was clarify characteristics enrofloxacin (ENR) in crocodiles, Crocodylus siamensis , following single intravenous and intramuscular administration at a dosage 5 mg/kg body weight (b.w.). Blood samples were collected assigned times up 168 hr. The plasma concentrations ENR its metabolite ciprofloxacin (CIP) measured...

Fates and residue depletion of enrofloxacin (ER) its metabolite ciprofloxacin (CP) were examined in giant freshwater prawns, Macrobrachium rosenbergii , following either single oral (p.o.) administration ER at a dosage 10 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) or medicated‐feed treatment the feeding concentration 5 g/kg feed for five consecutive days. The concentrations CP prawn muscle tissues measured simultaneously using high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) equipped with fluorescence detector....

Ergot alkaloids (EAs) are mycotoxins mainly produced by the fungus

Abstract The pharmacokinetics of florfenicol (FFC) in green sea and hawksbill turtles were evaluated following intramuscular (i.m.) administration at two different dosages 20 or 30 mg/kg body weight (b.w.). This study (longitudinal design) used 5 for the dosages. Blood samples collected assigned times up to 168 h. FFC plasma analyzed using validated high‐performance liquid chromatography equipped with diode array detection. pharmacokinetic analysis was performed a non‐compartment approach....

The objective of this study was to investigate the toxicokinetic characteristics melamine in broilers due limited information available for livestock. Melamine then administered broiler chickens at an intravenous (i.v.) or oral (p.o.) dosage 5.5 mg/kg body weight, and plasma samples were collected up 48 h. concentration each sample analyzed using liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry ( LC ‐ MS / ). measurable 24 h after i.v. p.o. administration. A one‐compartment model developed...

Abstract One of the major obstacles to successful treatment infectious disease in freshwater crocodile species is incorrect dosing antibiotics. There are few reports on pharmacokinetics and dosage regimens antimicrobial drugs crocodiles. The purpose present study was clarify pharmacokinetic characteristics ceftriaxone (CEF) Siamese crocodiles ( Crocodylus siamensis ). Freshwater crocodiles, , breeding farms were treated with a single intramuscular administration CEF at two dosages, 12.5 25...

The present study aimed to evaluate the pharmacokinetic features of tolfenamic acid (TA) in green sea turtles, Chelonia mydas. Green turtles were administered single either intravenous (i.v.) or intramuscular (i.m.) injection TA, at a dose 4 mg/kg body weight (b.w.). Blood samples collected preassigned times up 168 hr. plasma concentrations TA measured using validated liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method. Tolfenamic quantifiable for hr after i.v. and i.m. administration....

To date, the necessary pharmacokinetic information has been limited to establish suitable therapeutic plans for freshwater crocodiles. Therefore, this study was conducted evaluate profile of oxytetracycline long-acting formulation (OTC-LA) in crocodile, Crocodylus siamensis, following a single intramuscular (i.m.) administration at three different dosages 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg body weight (b.w.). Blood samples were collected assigned times up 216 h after i.m. dosages. The plasma concentrations...

To date, the number of green sea and hawksbill turtles is in decline due to environmental, anthropogenic, pathological factors. The present study described pharmacokinetic characteristics danofloxacin (DNX) turtles, following single intravenous (i.v.) intramuscular (i.m.) administrations at dosages 6 mg/kg body weight (b.w.). Blood samples were collected assigned times up 168 h. DNX harvested plasma was cleaned using liquid-liquid extraction analyzed a validated high-performance liquid...

Abstract To the best of our knowledge, limited pharmacokinetic information to establish suitable therapeutic plans is available for Hawksbill turtles. Therefore, present study aimed assess features tolfenamic acid (TA) in turtles, Eretmochelys imbricata, after single intravenous (i.v.) and intramuscular (i.m.) administration at dosage 4 mg/kg body weight (b.w.). The (parallel design) used 10 turtles randomly divided into equal groups. Blood samples were collected assigned times up 144 hr....

Abstract The aim of the present study was to elucidate pharmacokinetic profiles amoxicillin trihydrate (AMX) in Siamese freshwater crocodiles ( Crocodylus siamensis ). Crocodiles were administered a single intramuscular injection AMX, at dose either 5 or 10 mg/kg body weight (b.w.). Blood samples collected preassigned times up 120 hr. plasma concentrations AMX measured using validated liquid chromatography tandem‐mass spectrometry method. quantifiable for 72 hr (5 b.w.) and 96 (10 b.w.)....

The present study aimed to assess the pharmacokinetic features of enrofloxacin (ENR) and its major metabolite, ciprofloxacin (CIP) in green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) after single intravenous (i.v.) intramuscular (i.m.) administration at two dosages 5 7.5 mg/kg body weight (b.w.). used 10 animals randomly divided into equal groups. Blood samples were collected assigned times up 168 hr. concentrations ENR CIP turtle plasma quantified by a validated high-performance liquid chromatography...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetic characteristics amoxicillin (AMX) trihydrate in male Asian elephants, Elephas maximus , following intramuscular administration at two dosages 5.5 and 11 mg/kg body weight (b.w.). Blood samples were collected from 0.5 up 72 h. concentration AMX elephant plasma measured using liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. measurable 24 h after dosages. Peak ( C max ) 1.20 ± 0.39 μg/mL i.m. a dosage b.w., whereas...

The fates of sulfadimethoxine ( SDM ) for different routes administration were investigated in muscle tissue giant freshwater prawns, Macrobrachium rosenbergii , following either intramuscular (i.m.) or gavage at a dosage 50 mg/kg body weight (b.w.). depletion patterns also examined after medicated feed treatment the feeding concentration 10 g/kg twice day rate 1% total b.w. five consecutive days. prawn was measured using high‐performance liquid chromatography HPLC equipped with ultraviolet...