This work was inspired by a previous report [Janjua, M. R. S. A. Inorg. Chem. 2012, 51, 11306–11314] in which the optoelectronic properties were improved with an acceptor bearing heteroaromatic rings. Herein, we have designed four novel Y-series non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) end-capped modifications of recently synthesized 15% efficient Y21 molecule for better and their potential use solar cell applications. Density functional theory (DFT) along time-dependent density (TDDFT) at...

The toxicity of the most commonly used insecticides organochlorine, organophosphate, pyrethroid, and carbamate groups were investigated against Spodoptera litura (F.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) populations collected for three consecutive years (2004-2006). For a chlorocyclodiene pyrethroids tested, resistance ratios compared with Lab-PK in range 10- to 92-fold endosulfan, 5- 111-fold cypermethrin, 2- 98-fold deltamethrin, 7- 86-fold beta-cyfluthrin. organophosphates carbamates, 3- 169-fold...

Wheat (Triticum aestivum) production in the rainfed area of Pothwar Pakistan is extremely vulnerable to high temperature. The expected increase temperature due global warming should result shorter crop life cycles, and thus lower biomass grain yield. Two major factors control wheat phenological development: photoperiod. To evaluate development response these factors, we conducted experiments that created diverse daylength conditions by adjusting sowing time. study was during 2013-14 2014-15...

In Zea mays L., addition of glucose to the induction medium has no effect on nitrate reductase during initial 3 hours either in root tips (0-10 mm) or mature sections (25-35 mm). With longer times, higher levels enzyme activity are recovered from both segments when is present incubation medium. The saturated by 10 mm NO(3) (-). Higher concentrations (-) required for saturation sections. response seen over a wide range external concentrations.Nitrate lost rapidly withdrawn Additions do not...

The biogeochemical behaviour of lead (Pb) in ecosystems greatly depends on its chemical species. Organic ligands strongly influence Pb species and mobility soil solution. In the present study, two metal speciation models, Windermere Humic Aqueous Model (WHAM) Visual Minteq are used to compute nutrient solution presence absence organic ligands. three include ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), citric (CA) fulvic (FA). results show that ligands, Pb2+ is dominant form under acidic...

Cellulose is the most abundant biomaterial in biosphere and major component of plant biomass. Cellulase an enzymatic system required for conversion renewable cellulose biomass into free sugar subsequent use different applications. mainly consists three individual enzymes namely: endoglucanase, exoglucanase β-glucosidases. β-Glucosidases are ubiquitous found all living organisms with great biological significance. have also tremendous biotechnological applications such as biofuel production,...

One of the key concerns in public health is food security sector. Due to large amounts potentially hazardous metals wastewater, this practice may pose serious environmental and risks neighboring residents. In study, effects heavy vegetables irrigated with wastewater were studied. The findings indicated a massive accumulation wastewater-irrigated soil collected from Bhakkar, Pakistan. current study looked at irrigation on metal buildup soil-plant continuum hazards that come it (Cd, Co, Ni,...

Geopolymers are an alternative and sustainable substitute for ordinary Portland cement (OPC) being investigated as supplementary cementitious materials to lower carbon dioxide emissions in the building sector. To emissions, geopolymer concrete also improves environment by substituting OPC with materials. In addition keeping waste out of landfills, it produces lightweight, environmentally friendly that fit circular economy model. Geopolymer reduces global warming compared traditional...

Infectious diseases remain a significant global health challenge, contributing to high morbidity and mortality rates, particularly in low- middle-income countries. The COVID-19 pandemic underscored the urgent need for innovative solutions prevent, detect, manage infectious effectively. Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as transformative tool healthcare, offering opportunities enhance disease surveillance, diagnosis, treatment, public response. This research paper explores potential of...

This opinion paper makes a case for the need to develop indigenous instructional leadership models through Pakistani elite schools that challenge use of Western models. reveals some significant cultural misalignments between imported and local educational scenario, needing techniques rooted in norms high academic standards. presents fundamental building blocks are culturally, organisationally, contextually relevant Pakistan. We discuss an implementation framework guides awareness obstacles...

Abstract Synthetic chemical pesticides can enhance crop yields but also have undesired effects. Alternative ‘botanical insecticides’ may non-target effects on pollinators and biocontrol services. Employing action thresholds (ATs) reduce pesticide (whether synthetic or botanical) use compared to fixed-interval applications. Here the azadirachtin-based botanical formulation NeemAzal a neem seed extract (NSE) were evaluated in field spraying trials alongside commonly-used synthetics (Voliam...

The building sector consumes about 40% of the world’s primary energy. Seasonal climatic conditions have a significant effect on energy consumption in buildings. One famous methods used for decoding this seasonal variation buildings is “Degree Days Method”. Data has been widely published heating and cooling degree days different countries. Unfortunately, there very limited outdated data degree-days Pakistan. In study, yearly average regions Pakistan are established by using 30 year long-term...

As synthetic insecticides can have environmentally detrimental side effects, it is desirable to limit their use while still achieving good marketable yield.One approach apply pesticides only when needed, as determined by an action threshold (AT), defined the number of pests per crop plant or damage intensity at which application recommended.Another adopt alternative pesticides, also be applied according ATs.Here, ATs are developed in cabbage pest management using both approaches against...

Abstract Nano-enhanced membrane technology and deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have demonstrated effectiveness in addressing emerging environmental pollutants. This research centers on purifying water by removing heavy metals employing membranes enhanced with mesoporous silica DES. Various DESs, including hexanoic acid, octanoic decanoic were synthesized using tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBABr) as a base. The study combined polysulfone-based silica, aiming for efficient indigenous crafting to...