Abstract Streams and rivers host a significant portion of Earth's biodiversity provide important ecosystem services for human populations. Accurate information regarding the status trends stream resources is vital their effective conservation management. Most statistical techniques applied to data measured on networks were developed terrestrial applications are not optimized streams. A new class spatial model, based valid covariance structures networks, can be used with many common types...

Forecasts of species distributions under future climates are inherently uncertain, but there have been few attempts to describe this uncertainty comprehensively in a probabilistic manner. We developed Monte Carlo approach that accounts for within generalized linear regression models (parameter and residual error), among competing (model uncertainty), climate conditions (climate uncertainty) produce site-specific frequency occurrence probabilities across species' range. illustrated the method...

The paired catchment approach has been the predominant method for detecting effects of disturbance on catchment‐scale hydrology. Notwithstanding, utility this is limited by regression model sample size, variability between catchments, type II error, and inability locating a long‐term suitable control. An increasingly common practice to use rainfall‐runoff models discern effect hydrology, but few hydrologic studies (1) consider problems associated with identification, (2) formal statistical...

M. G. Betts (Matthew.Betts@oregonstate.edu), L. Ganio, P. Huso and N. A. Som, Dept of Forest Ecosystems Society, Oregon State Univ., Corvallis, OR 97331, USA. F. Huettmann, Biology Wildlife Dept, Inst. Arctic Biology, Univ. Alaska-Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775-7000, J. Bowman, Ontario Ministry Natural Resources, Research Development Section, 2140 East Bank Drive, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. B. Wintle, School Botany, Environmental Science, The Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

Abstract For ecological and environmental data, prior inquiries into spatial sampling designs have considered two‐dimensional domains shown that design optimality depends on the characteristics of target domain intended inference. The structure water‐driven continuity streams prompted development autocovariance models for stream networks. unique properties networks, their processes, warrant evaluation in comparison with counterparts. Common inference scenarios networks include prediction,...

We investigated emigration timing of juvenile Pacific lamprey (Entosphenus tridentatus) over a 10-year period in the Sacramento River, California, USA. Emigration was punctuated with 90% macrophthalmia daily catches at least 50 individuals. Macrophthalmia were observed primarily between November and May, among-year variation median date four times that sympatric anadromous salmon. Our best model associating catch environmental factors included days from rain event, temperature, streamflow....

Abstract Two‐dimensional hydrodynamic models are increasingly common in riverine research and management. However, input data not standardized among studies, assessments of model performance uncommon, which hinder interpretation results comparisons studies. Herein, we describe a framework for two‐dimensional collection, calibration validation to evaluate predictions. We present logical process the depth velocity that recognizes inherent spatial uncertainty field measurements modelling...

Considerable effort towards conservation has contributed to the recovery of historically depleted pinniped populations worldwide. However, in several locations where pinnipeds have increased, they been blamed for preventing commercially valuable fish species through predation. Prompted by increasing abundance within Columbia River (CR), USA, over a 6-year period, we used passive integrated transponder tags measure survival adult spring-run Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) estuary...

Manayunkia speciosa, a freshwater polychaete, is the invertebrate host of myxosporean parasites that negatively affect salmonid populations in Pacific Northwest USA. Factors drive distribution M. speciosa are not well understood, which constrains our understanding disease dynamics and development management solutions. We described at 3 sites on Klamath River, California, based 2-dimensional hydraulic models (2DHMs) generalized linear mixed model (GLMM). 2DHMs were built to explain variation...

We quantified microscale flow forces and their ability to entrain the freshwater polychaete, Manayunkia speciosa, intermediate host for 2 myxozoan parasites (Ceratomyxa shasta Parvicapsula minibicornis) that cause substantial mortalities in salmonid fishes Pacific Northwest. In a laboratory flume, we measured shear stress associated with mean velocities 3 substrates dislodgement of polychaetes, evaluated survivorship dislodged observed behavioral responses polychaetes response increased...

Abstract Parasites and pathogens influence the size stability of wildlife populations, yet many population models ignore population‐level effects pathogens. Standard survival analysis methods (e.g., accelerated failure time models) are used to assess how rates influenced by disease. However, they assume that each individual is equally susceptible will eventually experience event interest; this assumption not typically satisfied with regard populations. In contrast, mixture cure models, which...

Models that formulate mathematical linkages between fish use and habitat characteristics are applied for many purposes. For riverine fish, these often cast as resource selection functions with variables including depth velocity of water distance to nearest cover. Ecologists now recognizing the role detection plays in observing organisms, failure account imperfect can lead spurious inference. Herein, we present a flexible N-mixture model associate abundance salmonids simultaneously estimates...

Abstract Previous methods for constructing univariate habitat suitability criteria (HSC) curves have ranged from professional judgement to kernel‐smoothed density functions or combinations thereof. We present a new method of generating HSC that applies probability as the mathematical representation curves. Compared with previous approaches, benefits our include (1) estimation function parameters directly raw data, (2) quantitative selecting among several candidate functions, and (3) concise...

First posted December 11, 2012 Revised 10, 2018 For additional information, contact: Director, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center,U.S. Geological Survey, 777 NW 9th StreetCorvallis, Oregon 97330http://fresc.usgs.gov This publication is the User's Guide for software developed to estimate wildlife fatalities at wind-power facilities, although applicable a variety of circumstances in which objective size superpopulation probability detection individuals less than one. Simple counts...

Abstract Ceratonova shasta is an endemic myxozoan parasite that impacts salmonid populations in the Klamath River (USA). High densities of C. actinospores negatively affect survival migrating juvenile salmonids. Each year, approximately five million fall‐run Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha smolts are released from a hatchery located below Iron Gate Dam, and they travel through infectious zone where spores elevated when disease risk often highest. We examined several documented...

hinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) are increasingly vulnerable to anthropogenic activities and climate change, especially at their most southern range in California’s Central Valley. There is considerable interest understanding stressors that contribute population decline identifying management actions reduce the effects of those stressors. Along west coast North America, disease has been linked declining numbers salmonids, identified as a key stressor results mortality. In Valley,...

Abstract Hydrological data may be temporally autocorrelated requiring autoregressive process parameters to estimated. Current statistical methods for hydrological change detection in paired watershed studies rely on prediction intervals, but the current form of intervals does not include all appropriate sources variation. Corrected analysis study that variation associated with covariance and linear model parameter estimation are presented. We provide an example their application from Hinkle...

We conducted a meta-analysis of laboratory- and hatchery-based growth data to estimate broadly applicable parameters mass- temperature-dependent juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). Following studies other salmonid species, we incorporated the Ratkowsky model into an allometric fit this observations from eight spanning ten different populations. To account for changes in patterns with food availability, reparameterized scale several its relative ration. The resulting was robust...

The health of fish populations and the river systems they inhabit have broad ecological, cultural, recreational, economic relevance. This is exemplified by iconic anadromous salmonid fishes native to West Coast North America. Salmon been constrained since mid nineteenth century dam construction water reallocation. In Klamath River (Oregon California, USA), a series dams built in early-mid 20th cut basin two blocked access more than 600 kilometers. dramatic loss habitat, coupled with...

First posted April 6, 2018 For additional information, contact: Director, Western Fisheries Research Center U.S. Geological Survey 6505 NE 65th Street Seattle, Washington 98115 and water managers often use population models to aid in understanding the effect of alternative management or restoration actions on anadromous fish populations. We developed Stream Salmonid Simulator (S3) help resource evaluate alternatives juvenile salmonid S3 is a deterministic stage-structured model that tracks...

Abstract Precipitation in fall and winter is important to recharge aquifers Northern California the Pacific Northwestern United States, causing baseflow rivers ascend during time when Chinook salmon ( Oncorhynchus tshawytscha ) construct redds. Herein, we evaluate availability of spawning habitats under a constant streamflow common regulated against ascending baseflows patterned from free‐flowing rivers. A binomial logistic regression model was applied predict suitability redd locations...

Streams and rivers are biodiverse provide valuable ecosystem services. Maintaining these ecosystems is an important task, so organisations often monitor the status trends in stream condition biodiversity using field sampling and, more recently, autonomous in-situ sensors. However, data collection costly, effective efficient survey designs crucial to maximise information while minimising costs. Geostatistics optimal adaptive design theory can be used optimise placement of sites freshwater...

To combat decades of anthropogenic degradation, restoration programs seek to improve ecological conditions through habitat enhancement. Rapid assessments condition are needed support adaptive management and the understanding effects at a range spatial temporal scales. Previous attempts evaluate practices on large river systems have been hampered by assessment tools that irreproducible or metrics without clear connections population responses. We modified demonstration flow approach assess...