Intraocularly, fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) and 5 (FABP5) mainly originate from human ocular choroidal fibroblasts (HOCF), nonpigmented ciliary epithelium (HNPCE) cells have been suggested to be pivotally involved in intraocular pathophysiology. To elucidate the unidentified regulatory mechanisms of gene expression secretion FABPs, effects glucose levels, acids (FAs), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) modulators were studied. additional biological role laser...

To compare the effects among three TGF-β isoforms (TGF-β-1, TGF-β-2, and TGF-β-3) on human trabecular meshwork (HTM), two-dimensional (2D) three-dimensional (3D) cultures of commercially available certified immortalized HTM cells were used, following analyses conducted: (1) trans-endothelial electrical resistance (TEER) FITC dextran permeability measurements (2D); (2) a real-time cellular metabolic analysis (3) physical property 3D spheroids; (4) an assessment gene expression levels...

Hyperglycemia-induced effects on cellular metabolic properties and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation play pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of malignant melanoma (MM). This study assessed how states, ROS production, related gene expression are modulated by antidiabetic agents. The anti-diabetic agents metformin (Met) imeglimin (Ime), inhibitors fatty acid-binding proteins 5/7 (MF6) microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) (ML329), siRNA-mediated knockdown...

Background: Hyperglycemic changes in the cellular biological properties of retinal pigment epithelium cells are involved pathophysiology diabetic retinopathy (DR). To assess effects new anti-diabetic agent imeglimin (Ime) on DR, pharmacological Ime and those metformin (Met) combination with PPARα agonist GW7646 (GW) adult (ARPE19) cultured high-glucose conditions were compared. Methods: Cell viability, levels reactive oxygen species (ROS), monolayer barrier function measured by transepit...

The purpose of the current study was to elucidate physiological roles intraocularly present fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4). Using four representative intraocular tissue-derived cell types, including human non-pigmented ciliary epithelium (HNPCE) cells, retinoblastoma (RB) adult retinal pigment epithelial19 (ARPE19) cells and ocular choroidal fibroblast (HOCF) origins FABP4 were determined by qPCR analysis, intracellular functions investigated seahorse cellular metabolic measurements...

To establish an appropriate in vitro model for the local environment of cardiomyocytes, three-dimensional (3D) spheroids derived from H9c2 cardiomyoblasts were prepared, and their morphological, biophysical phase contrast biochemical characteristics evaluated. The 3D successfully obtained, sizes decreased, they became stiffer during 3-4 days. In to cell multiplication that occurs conventional 2D planar cultures, developed into a more mature form without any being detected. qPCR analyses...

To elucidate the possible biological roles of fatty acid-binding protein 5 (FABP5) in intraocular environment, cells from which FABP5 originates were determined by using four different tissue-derived cell types including human non-pigmented ciliary epithelium (HNPCE) cells, retinoblastoma (RB) adult retinal pigment epithelial19 (ARPE19) and ocular choroidal fibroblast (HOCF) lines, effects FABP ligand 6, a specific inhibitor for FABP7 analyzed RNA sequencing seahorse cellular metabolic...

The hypoxia associated with the transforming growth factor-β2 (TGF-β2)-induced epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) of human retinal pigment epithelium (HRPE) cells is well recognized as essential underlying mechanism responsible for development proliferative diseases. In vitro, three-dimensional (3D) models spontaneous O2 gradients can be used to recapitulate pathological levels study effect on TGF-β2-induced EMT HRPE in detail, we two-dimensional-(2D) and 3D-cultured cells. TGF-β2...

To study the effects of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) on TGF-β2-induced human retinal pigment epithelium cells under normoxia and hypoxia conditions.

To elucidate the unidentified roles of a selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) agonist, pemafibrate (Pema), on pathogenesis retinal ischemic diseases (RID)s, pharmacological effects Pema pigment epithelium (RPE), which is involved in RID, were compared with non-fibrate PPARα agonist GW7647 (GW). For this purpose, human RPE cell line ARPE19 that was untreated (NT) or treated GW subjected to Seahorse cellular metabolic analysis and RNA sequencing analysis. Real-time...

We report herein on the effects of brimonidine (BRI), an α2-adrenergic agonist, two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) cell-cultured TGF-β2-untreated -treated human trabecular meshwork (HTM) cells. In presence TGF-β2 (5 ng/mL), (1) BRI 2D HTM monolayers' barrier function were investigated as estimated using trans-endothelial electrical resistance (TEER) measurement FITC dextran permeability; (2) real-time analyses cellular metabolism a Seahorse Bioanalyzer; (3) largeness hardness 3D...

Vitamin A derivative, all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA), is known to be a potent regulator of the growth and differentiation various types cells. In present study, unidentified effects ATRA on superficial vertical spreading conjunctival scarring were examined. The study involved use two-dimensional (2D) three-dimensional (3D) cultures human fibroblast (HconF) cells in presence or absence TGF-β2. (1 μM) evaluated by barrier function trans-endothelial electrical resistance (TEER) FITC dextran...

This study reports on the pathological significance of vitreous fatty acid-binding protein (Vt-FABP) 4 and 5, vascular endothelial growth factor A (Vt-VEGFA) in patients with retinal diseases (RVDs) including proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) vein occlusion (RVO). Subjects PDR (n = 20), RVO 10), controls (epiretinal membrane, n 18) who had undergone vitrectomies were enrolled this study. The levels Vt-FABP4, Vt-FABP5, Vt-VEGFA evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA)....

We report herein on the effects of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) cultures human trabecular meshwork (HTM) cells that were treated with transforming growth factor β2 (TGF-β2). In presence 5 ng/mL TGF-β2, ATRA following observed: (1) barrier function 2D HTM monolayers, as determined by trans-endothelial electrical resistance (TEER) fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) dextran permeability measurements; (2) a Seahorse cellular bio-metabolism...

The objective of the present study was to evaluate effects low concentrations benzalkonium chloride (BAC) (10

To characterize transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) isoform (TGF-β1~3)-b’s biological effects on the human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) under normoxia and hypoxia conditions, ARPE19 cells cultured by 2D (two-dimensional) 3D (three-dimensional) conditions were subjected to various analyses, including (1) an analysis of barrier function trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER) measurements; (2) qPCR major ECM molecules collagen 1 (COL1), COL4, COL6; α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA);...

Background: Although lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is known to have multiple pathophysiological roles, its contributions ocular tissues, especially conjunctival fibrogenesis, remain be elucidated. Methods: To study this issue, the effects of LPA on transforming growth factor-β2 (TGF-β2)-induced fibrogenesis two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) cultures human fibroblasts (HconF) were examined by following analyses: (1) planar proliferation determined transepithelial electrical...

The TGF‐β superfamily plays a pivotal role in the regulation of adipogenesis, but little is known about potential differential three isoforms TGF‐β, TGF‐β‐1~3. To further elucidate their role, two‐dimensionally (2D) and three‐dimensionally (3D) cultured 3T3‐L1 mouse preadipocytes were subjected to following analyses: (a) qPCR analysis adipogenesis‐related factors major extracellular matrix protein (2D /or 3D), (b) lipid staining by Oil Red O or BODIPY (3D), (c) Seahorse cellular metabolic...