Abstract Using a symmetry-preserving formulation of vector $$\,\times \,$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mspace/> <mml:mo>×</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> contact interaction (SCI) and treating the proton as quark + interacting-diquark bound state, whose structure is obtained by solving Poincaré-covariant Faddeev equation, we provide comprehensive, coherent set predictions for unpolarised polarised parton distribution functions (DFs): valence,...

Abstract As emerging next-generation information technologies, blockchains have unique advantages in transparency and transaction security. They attracted great attentions social financial fields. However, the rapid development of quantum computation impending realization supremacy had significant impacts on traditional blockchain based cryptography. Here, we propose a algorithm asymmetric encryption stake vote consensus algorithm. The combines delegated proof with node behaviour Borda count...

Supposing there exists an effective charge which defines evolution scheme for both unpolarised and polarised parton distribution functions (DFs) that is all-orders exact using Ans\"atze hadron-scale proton valence quark DFs, constrained by flavour-separated axial charges insights from perturbative quantum chromodynamics, predictions are delivered all DFs at the scale $\zeta_{\rm C}^2 = 3\,$GeV$^2$. The pointwise behaviour of predicted and, consequently, their moments, compare favourably with...

Abstract Parton distribution functions (DFs) have long been recognised as key measures of hadron structure. Today, theoretical prediction such DFs is becoming possible using diverse methods for continuum and lattice analyses strong interaction (QCD) matrix elements. Recent developments include a demonstration that yield mutually consistent results all pion DFs, with behaviour on the far valence domain light-front momentum fraction matches QCD expectations. Theory also delivering an...

Long-term user engagement (LTE) optimization in sequential recommender systems (SRS) is shown to be suited by reinforcement learning (RL) which finds a policy maximize long-term rewards. Meanwhile, RL has its shortcomings, particularly requiring large number of online samples for exploration, risky real-world applications. One the appealing ways avoid risk build simulator and learn optimal recommendation simulator. In LTE optimization, simulate multiple users' daily feedback given...

Utilizing messages from teammates is crucial in cooperative multi-agent tasks due to the partially observable nature of environment. Naively asking all without pruning may confuse individual agents, hindering learning process and impairing whole system's performance. Most previous work either utilizes a gate or employs an attention mechanism extract relatively important messages. However, they do not explicitly evaluate each message's value, failing learn efficient communication protocol...

Generating agents that can achieve zero-shot coordination (ZSC) with unseen partners is a new challenge in cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL). Recently, some studies have made progress ZSC by exposing the to diverse during training process. They usually involve self-play when partners, implicitly assuming tasks are homogeneous. However, many real-world heterogeneous, and hence previous methods may be inefficient. In this paper, we study heterogeneous problem for first time...

Using a symmetry-preserving formulation of vector$\,\times\,$vector contact interaction (SCI) and treating the proton as quark + interacting-diquark bound state, whose structure is obtained by solving Poincar\'e-covariant Faddeev equation, we provide comprehensive, coherent set predictions for unpolarised polarised parton distribution functions (DFs): valence, glue, four-flavour separated sea. The results enable many themes to be addressed, including: asymmetry antimatter in proton;...

Parton distribution functions (DFs) have long been recognised as key measures of hadron structure. Today, theoretical prediction such DFs is becoming possible using diverse methods for continuum and lattice analyses strong interaction (QCD) matrix elements. Recent developments include a demonstration that yield mutually consistent results all pion DFs, with behaviour on the far valence domain light-front momentum fraction matches QCD expectations. Theory also delivering an understanding...

A magnetic zirconium/iron-modified bentonite (ZrFeBT) was prepared, and the effect of ZrFeBT addition on mobilization species transformation P in river sediments investigated using incubation sediment core experiments. The results showed that, under anoxic conditions, could be released from into pore water, then water overlying water. greatly suppress release conditions. Therefore, significantly suppressed by ZrFeBT. After sediments, loosely sorbed (Labile-P) BD extractable (BD-P) to NaOH...

In open multi-agent environments, the agents may encounter unexpected teammates. Classical learning approaches train that can only coordinate with seen Recent studies attempted to generate diverse teammates in order enhance generalizable coordination ability, but were restricted by pre-defined this work, our aim is strong ability generating fully cover teammate policy space, so any Since space too huge be enumerated, we find dissimilar are incompatible controllable agents, which highly...

In recent years, with the deployment of ubiquitous sensing, aggregation method massive multi-source heterogeneous data has become a hot research topic. At present, although adversarial domain adaptation in transfer learning can achieve effective results processing tasks such as classification, there are few methods that well apply network to scenario aggregation. The existing mostly applied homogeneous features single source domain. However, samples actual application scenarios often from...

Supposing there exists an effective charge which defines evolution scheme for both unpolarised and polarised parton distribution functions (DFs) that is all-orders exact using Ansätze hadron-scale proton valence quark DFs, constrained by flavour-separated axial charges insights from perturbative quantum chromodynamics, predictions are delivered all DFs at the scale $ζ_{\rm C}^2 = 3\,$GeV$^2$. The pointwise behaviour of predicted and, consequently, their moments, compare favourably with...

A measurement performed on a quantum system is an act of gaining information about its state, view that widespread in practical and foundational work theory. However, the concept theory reconstructions multiply-defined, conceptual foundations remain surprisingly under-explored. In this paper, we investigate gain measurements from operational viewpoint. We show continuous extension Shannon entropy naturally admits two distinct measures gain, differential relative these have radically...

In response to the many problems encountered in teaching of “SSM Framework” course, a project-driven hybrid model is proposed. The reform integrates “Competition, Training and Teaching” into one, utilizes online platforms arrange pre-class activities, carry out interactive class, improve post-class practice. teaching, roles teachers students should be exchanged fully mobilize students’ learning initiative cultivate their ability solve analyze problems. assessment, process evaluation...

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has experienced rapid advancements in recent years. The widely studied RL algorithms mainly focus on a single input form, such as pixel-based image or symbolic vector input. These two forms have different characteristics and, many scenarios, will appear together, while few the problems with mixed types. Specifically, scenario where both pixel and inputs are available, usually offers abstract features specific semantics, which is more conducive to agent's focus....