Ferroelectric nematic (NF) liquid crystals combine liquid-like fluidity and orientational order of conventional nematics with macroscopic electric polarization comparable in magnitude to solid-state ferroelectric materials. Here, we present a systematic study twenty-seven homologous materials various fluorination patterns, giving new insight into the molecular origins spontaneous polar ordering fluid nematics. Beyond our initial expectations, find highest stability NF phase be specific...

A series of liquid crystal (LC) materials are reported, which form a variety ferroelectric nematic and smectic phases. The relationship between the number position lateral fluorine substituents formation LC phases is investigated. While addition increases temperature at order appears, fluorination phase sequence more complicated. Introducing can either suppress or promote phases, depending on their within molecule, interplay these trends allows for exotic to appear.

Polar liquid crystals possess 3D orientational order coupled with unidirectional electric polarity, yielding fluid ferroelectrics. Such polar phases are generated by rod‐like molecules large dipole moments. 2,5‐Disubstituted 1,3‐dioxane is commonly employed as a motif in said systems, and herein it shown to suffer from thermal instability consequence of equatorial‐trans axial‐trans isomerism at elevated temperatures. Isosteric building blocks utilized potential replacements for the unit,...

Abstract Spontaneous symmetry breaking and emergent polar order are each of fundamental importance to a range scientific disciplines, as well generating rich phase behaviour in liquid crystals (LCs). Here, we show the union these phenomena lead two previously undiscovered states matter. Both phases have lamellar structure with an inherent ordering their constituent molecules. The first is characterised by local tilted structure; tilt direction processes about helix orthogonal layer normal,...

Spontaneous symmetry breaking and emergent polar order are each of fundamental importance to a range scientific disciplines, as well generating rich phase behaviour in liquid crystals (LCs). Here, we show the union these phenomena lead two previously undiscovered states matter. Both phases have lamellar structure with an inherent ordering their constituent molecules. The first is characterised by local tilted structure; tilt direction precesses about helix orthogonal layer normal, period...

The recent discovery of spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking has demonstrated the possibility discovering exotic textures ferromagnetic systems in liquid crystalline fluid ferro-electrics. We show that polar smectic mesophase exhibited by first molecule discovered to exhibit a spontaneously ferroelectric nematic phase is also helical strongly varied textural morphology depending its thermal history and ordering. Electro-optic studies demonstrate two phases field induced transitions. For...

Abstract The discovery of fluid states matter with spontaneous bulk polar order is appreciated as a major in the fields soft and liquid crystals. Typically, this manifests superimposed atop conventional phase structures thus far limited to orthogonal types. Here we report family materials which exhibit previously unseen state conclude smectic C phase, so term it SmC P . polarisation over two orders magnitude larger than that found ferroelectric chiral used some LCD devices. Fully atomistic...

Just as nematic liquid crystals are widespread in display technology, a small number of building blocks find use the design and synthesis crystalline materials. This review explores intricate relationship between molecular structure thermotropic (LCs) their phase behaviour, emphasising role specific structural fragments determining LC properties. We also detail into impact non-conventional on properties by comparing families materials differentiated only single variation, allowing us to...

Chiral cyanobiphenyl dimers display rarely observed room-temperature twist-bend nematic (N TB ) phase when the linking group is an ester, while amide analogues are strong inducers of helical organization in chiral phase.

Herein we report the first examples of reactive mesogenic materials (RMs) which exhibit fluid ferroelectric order based on recently discovered nematic (NF) phase. We term these NF RMs and they provide steps towards next generation liquid crystalline polymer networks. chemical synthesis characterisation properties materials, demonstrating that have lowest longitudinal molecular dipole moments any reported material 7.39 D. go to demonstrate a potential use case this new class through...

Abstract Herein it is reported the first examples of reactive mesogenic materials (RMs) which exhibit fluid ferroelectric order based on recently discovered nematic (N F ) phase. These N RMs and they provide steps toward next generation liquid crystalline polymer networks termed. The chemical synthesis characterization properties these reported, demonstrating that have lowest longitudinal molecular dipole moments (µ) any material 7.39 D. It go to demonstrate a potential use case this new...

We present an approach for rapid conformational analysis of semi-flexible liquid crystals. use a simple graphical user interface (GUI) tool that leverages rules-based methods efficient generation bend-angle distributions, offering significant improvement over traditional single-conformer analysis. Our demonstrated proficiency in approximating molecular shapes comparable to those obtained from dynamics (MD) simulations, albeit with notable deviations the under sampling hairpin conformations...

Intrinsically fluorescent liquid crystals are highly sought after for a variety of applications. Most the measurements photo-physical properties made in dilute solutions, which is mainly due to relative ease both these and interpretation data. The fluorescence spectra depend on number parameters including concentration crystal device geometry, mesophase have been measured. Working with neat, or concentrated, samples adds experimental complexities such as inner filter effect (IFE), affects...

Abstract The discovery of fluid states matter with spontaneous bulk polar order is appreciated as a major in the fields soft and liquid crystals. Typically, this manifests superimposed atop conventional phase structures thus far limited to orthogonal types. Here we report family materials which exhibit previously unseen state conclude smectic C phase, so term it SmC P . polarisation over two orders magnitude larger than that found ferroelectric chiral used some LCD devices. Fully atomistic...

We present a detailed investigation of the phase behaviour, molecular relaxation dynamics, rheology and dielectric properties two cyanobiphenyl-based liquid crystal (LC) tripods, differing only in length their spacer units (6 or 9 carbons). These LC tripods combine low weight LCs polymers, resulting range advantageous including wide nematic (ΔT>90 K) large birefringence (0.3 at T−TNI=-80 K for 6 tripod). Using broadband spectroscopy, calorimetry, oscillatory steady state shear rheology, we...

We present an approach for rapid conformational analysis of semi-flexible liquid crystals. use a simple graphical user interface (GUI) tool that leverages rules-based methods efficient generation bend-angle distributions, offering significant improvement over traditional single-conformer analysis. Our demonstrated proficiency in approximating molecular shapes comparable to those obtained from dynamics (MD) simulations, albeit with notable deviations the under sampling hairpin conformations...

Polar liquid crystals possess three dimensional orientational order coupled with unidirectional electric polarity, yielding fluid ferroelectrics. Such polar phases are generated by rod-like molecules large dipole moments. 2,5-Disubstituted 1,3-dioxane is commonly employed as a motif in said systems, and here we show this to suffer from thermal instability consequence of equatorial-trans axial-trans isomerism at elevated temperatures. We utilise isosteric building blocks potential...

The discovery of fluid states matter with spontaneous bulk polar order is appreciated as a major in the fields soft and liquid crystals. Typically, this manifests superimposed atop conventional phase structures thus far limited to orthogonal types. Here we report family materials which exhibit previously unseen state conclude smectic C phase, so term it SmC${_\textrm{P}}$. polarisation SmC${_\textrm{P}}$ over two orders magnitude larger than that found ferroelectric SmC chiral used some LCD...

Ferroelectric nematic (NF) liquid crystals combine liquid-like fluidity and orientational order of conventional nematics with macroscopic electric polarization comparable in magnitude to solid state ferroelectric materials. Here, we present a systematic study twenty-seven homologous materials various fluorination patterns, giving new insight into the molecular origins spontaneous polar ordering fluid nematics. Beyond our initial expectations, find highest stability NF phase be specific...

Determination of the appropriateness compensatory response is essential in evaluation any acid-base disturbance. Adequate compensation supports presence a single event. Inadequate may indicate that second primary event present or, some circumstances, time has been inadequate for maximal physiologic compensation. When disturbances are mixed, treatment one disorder unmask full pH-altering potential disorder. Close monitoring patients at risk development disorders permits detection problems...

To increase the number of residents choosing to practice in rural and underserved areas, Medical College Georgia 1994 created Office Recruitment Retention (ORR) for generalist physicians as part its participation The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation's Generalist Physician Initiative. Its major purpose is contact between opportunities, especially those areas. office has helped better understand resources available settings these communities needs graduates residency programs. It became a point...

To increase the number of residents choosing to practice in rural and underserved areas, Medical College Georgia 1994 created Office Recruitment Retention (ORR) for generalist physicians as part its participation The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation's Generalist Physician Initiative. Its major purpose is contact between opportunities, especially those areas. office has helped better understand resources available settings these communities needs graduates residency programs. It became a point...