Abstract The bacterial enzymes FtsW and FtsI, encoded in the highly conserved dcw gene cluster, are considered to be universally essential for synthesis of septal peptidoglycan (PG) during cell division. Here, we show that pathogen Clostridioides difficile lacks a canonical FtsW/FtsI pair, its -encoded PG synthases have undergone specialization fulfill sporulation-specific roles, including synthesizing mode Although these directly regulated by divisome components this process, their...

The influenza A endoribonuclease PA-X regulates virulence and transmission of the virus by reducing host gene expression thus regulating immune responses to virus. Despite this key function in viral biology, levels protein remain markedly low during infection, previous results suggest that these are not solely result regulation level translation RNA stability. How is regulated post-translationally remains unknown. We now report rapidly turned over. from multiple strains short-lived, although...

Clostridioides difficile is an important nosocomial pathogen that causes severe diarrhea by producing toxins and transmits disease spores. While both processes are crucial for C. disease, only a subset of cells express and/or undergo sporulation.

infections begin when its metabolically dormant spores germinate in response to sensing bile acid germinants alongside amino and divalent cation co-germinants the small intestine. While are essential for

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important opportunistic pathogen that has the ability to grow in a range of environmental niches. Here, we report draft genome sequences 10 strains bacterium isolated from soils, sediments, and waters various locations North America South Africa.

ABSTRACT CRISPR-Cas systems are bacterial immune that target invading nucleic acid. The hallmark of is the CRISPR array, a genetic locus includes short sequences known as “spacers”, derived from Upon exposure to an acid molecule, bacteria/archaea with functional can add new spacers their arrays in process “adaptation”. In type I systems, which represent majority found nature, adaptation occur by two mechanisms: naïve and primed. Here, we show that, for archetypal I-E system Escherichia coli...

Current models of bacterial cell division assume that the core synthases multiprotein divisome complex, FtsW-FtsI, are primary drivers septal peptidoglycan (PG) synthesis. These enzymes typically encoded in highly conserved and wall (

Peptidoglycan synthesis is an essential driver of bacterial growth and division. The final steps this crucial process involve the activity SEDS family glycosyltransferases that polymerize glycan strands class B penicillin-binding protein (bPBP) transpeptidases cross-link them. While most bacteria encode multiple bPBPs perform specialized roles during specific cellular processes, some can play redundant are important for resistance against certain cell wall stresses. Our understanding these...

ABSTRACT The influenza A endoribonuclease PA-X regulates virulence and transmission of the virus by reducing host gene expression thus regulating immune responses to virus. Despite this key function in viral biology, levels protein remain markedly low during infection, previous results suggest that these are not solely result regulation level translation RNA stability. How is regulated post-translationally remains unknown. We now report rapidly turned over. from multiple strains short-lived,...

ABSTRACT The bacterial pathogen Clostridioides difficile causes gastroenteritis through its production of toxins and transmits disease resistant spores. Toxin spore are energy-expensive processes that regulated by multiple transcription factors in response to many nutritional inputs. While toxin sporulation genes both heterogeneously expressed only a subset C. cells, the relationship between these two sub-populations remains unclear. To address whether coordinates generation sub-populations,...

Abstract Clostridioides difficile infections begin when its metabolically dormant spores germinate in response to sensing bile acid germinants alongside amino and divalent cation co-germinants the small intestine. While are essential for C. spore germination, it is currently unclear whether both co-germinant signals required. One model proposes that cations, particularly Ca 2+ , inducing while another either class can induce germination. The former based on finding defective releasing large...