This paper proposes a novel duty ratio modulated direct torque control (DDTC) to concurrently reduce ripple and stator flux that are typically associated with conventional (DTC). Three different methods of determination presented achieve various objectives, namely DDTC-final, DDTC-mean DDTC-rms. Additionally, adjustable error weight coefficients introduced balance the reduction reduction. Experimental results validate effectiveness proposed DDTC. Furthermore, comparative evaluation DDTC,...

The accumulation of ice may cause serious safety problems in numerous fields. A photothermal superhydrophobic surface is considered to be useful for preventing formation because its environmentally friendly, energy-saving, and excellent anti-icing/de-icing properties. However, it easily fails work the absence sunlight. To improve anti-icing property without sunlight irradiation, a multifunctional phase-change film (MPPSF) consisting microcapsules (PCMs) carbon nanotubes (CNTs) was fabricated...

This paper proposes a simple and practical duty cycle modulated direct torque control (DDTC) for permanent magnet synchronous motors. The of active vector is obtained using generator according to the error motor speed, which can avoid complex calculation process associated with conventional DDTC. design details about are illustrated, stability proposed DDTC analyzed, ensures reliable operation system. Experimental results presented validate effectiveness Furthermore, comparative evaluation...

Due to detection difficulties, dc arc faults are one of the most dangerous risks in power systems. Most traditional studies based on current, which may change during normal operation and cause unwanted trips. Another problem with methods is that threshold need be adjusted for different photovoltaic (PV) systems; otherwise, it will malfunctions. To solve aforementioned problems, a series fault method steady patterns frequency domain proposed. The proposed utilizes electromagnetic radiation...

Al-0.5Mg-0.4Si-0.1Cu alloy possessing weather resistance and oxidation can obtain good surface quality (metallic luster) without chrome plating. Therefore, it is an important material to replace polluting chrome-plated aluminum profiles for automotive decorative parts. At present, studies about the extrusion process of are very few, which affects its further application. In this work, effect ratios on microstructure mechanical properties investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning...

The integrated energy system is a complex that involves multi-stakeholder and multi-energy coordinated operations. key to improving its scale sustainable development construct better-integrated dispatching method which suitable for the power market. However, randomness of supply side load brings further challenges planning scheduling. Therefore, optimal scheduling an considering uncertainty demand in market environment studied this paper. Firstly, models are established. Then, model based on...

At present, Fiber metal laminates (FMLs) are mostly used in the aeronautical field to manufacture large-size components, such as skins of fuselage or wing. However, utilization FMLs microsystems and micro-electro-mechanical systems has not been explored yet. Therefore, miniaturization conventional integration micro-sheet preparation complex-shaped components forming utmost significance from a practical viewpoint. Herein, an integrated ultrasonic-assisted preparation-forming-curing method is...

High-precision prediction of photovoltaic (PV) output is essential in PV system access to the power grid. To realize security, stability and economic operation system, this paper proposes a hybrid factor analysis, gray wolf optimization, generalized regression neural network (FA-GWO-GRNN) framework for short-term forecast. In order reduce dimension input features forecasting, first develops analysis (FA) extract effective information from meteorological inputs. A (GRNN) algorithm then...

The randomness of the power supply side and load comprehensive energy systems is increasingly prominent. It very difficult to meet demand through traditional planning methods. To solve this problem, paper explores coordinated a system under uncertain characteristics using multilinear Monte Carlo method. characteristic model probability density function system’s are established. Taking optimal operating cost maximum wind consumption as objectives, coordination scheme established, it solved by...

With the progress of energy revolution, renewable accounts for an increasing proportion power systems, which greatly affects planning systems. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate grid scheme systems containing large-scale energy. The timing operation simulation method based on SCUC can reflect characteristics system. However, with increase system scale and calculation time scale, long-term will be solved difficulty. In order realize rapid evaluation scheme, this paper proposes a plant...

Under the background of high proportion renewable energy, frequency security power system is facing challenges, which makes it necessary to consider and respond in optimal dispatching. In this paper, constraint introduced into basic unit commitment model considering proposed. Different from traditional research, a dynamic modeling method for unbalanced presented. Based on response primary response, analytic linearized safety sets are constructed nadir, quasi steady maximum...

At present, the traditional scheduling mode of power grids generally dispatches according to generation cost within safe range. Transmission costs are evenly distributed customers their load ratios. There no methods for rational distribution transmission utilization degree and network resources. This will render unfair, it is difficult guide reasonable in time space. Therefore, an optimal economic method systems based on whole-system-cost electricity price proposed this paper. For sides,...

Top-$K$ recommendation involves inferring latent user preferences and generating personalized recommendations accordingly, which is now ubiquitous in various decision systems. Nonetheless, recommender systems usually suffer from severe \textit{popularity bias}, leading to the over-recommendation of popular items. Such a bias deviates central aim reflecting preference faithfully, compromising both customer satisfaction retailer profits. Despite prevalence, existing methods tackling popularity...

Introduction: The urban distribution system plays a crucial role in efficient power within areas. increasing frequency and intensity of extreme events recent years pose significant challenges to the reliable operation systems. While extensive research focuses on emergency control strategies for large-scale grids, there is need targeted attention address arising when becomes isolated from superior grid due events. Methods: This paper aims enhance system's resilience by investigating...

With the commitment of peak carbon dioxide emissions and neutrality, role renewable energy (RE) is becoming more significant, which brings lots challenges to operation power systems. This paper designs storage system (ESS) schemes with different on supply side improve RE utilization. Aiming at least cost curtailment, SCUC model considering characteristics ESS put forward. What's more, benefits analysis given according three evaluation indices including ramping margin, transmission lines load...

In the combined system of water and scenery, there is randomness in output scenery. order to ensure stability balance between supply demand scenery access power system, regulating needs its fluctuation by starting stopping or adjusting output, corresponding peak adjustment operation cost grid connection Reasonable planning capacity can effectively reduce maximize economic benefit generation company. Firstly, aiming at uncertainty an index coupled with load sequence characteristics was...

The existing study of electric vehicle does not analyze the impact on structure size and position power battery system to dynamics performance. A virtual model including in system, front rear suspension steering other chassis subsystems is built using software ADAMS/VIEW. key points are parameterized model. By changing parameters positioning performance analysis carried out, characteristic lateral acceleration obtained. simulation results used considering parameters.

New energy has penetrated power grid companies on a large scale, affecting the cost of planning, operation scheduling, overhaul, and maintenance, etc. However, impact different types new sources costs is complex diverse, making it difficult to accurately quantify penetration entire chain grid. For this reason, based system dynamics, study constructs full model under energy, quantitatively analyses scenarios. Finally, correctness verified through case analysis, optimal scenarios obtained,...

Abstract The rational modelling of wind power uncertainty is the premise relevant analysis and decision-making. uncertainty, intermittent nature cluster spatial correlation between different farms are key factors to determine impact on system. rationality model will validity decision-making credibility conclusions. development in China very rapid, but accumulation meteorological statistics insufficient. research output not deep-going. For this reason, taken as entry point. This paper...

Fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) have the promise of solving pollution and fossil energy consumption problem in automotive industry. The fault diagnosis FCEV power source system is necessary to carry out avoid attenuation its performance service life. T-S fuzzy tree analysis (TS-FTA) suitable handle uncertainty failure probability without knowing basic event accurately. In this paper, causes main faults occurring are introduced. models proton exchange membrane fuel battery constructed....