Abstract. Large volcanic eruptions impact significantly on climate and lead to ozone depletion due injection of particles gases into the stratosphere where their residence times are long. In this composition aerosol is an important but inadequately studied factor. Samples volcanically influenced were collected following Kasatochi (Alaska), Sarychev (Russia) also during Eyjafjallajökull (Iceland) in period 2008–2010. Sampling was conducted by CARIBIC platform regular flights at altitude 10–12...

Nitrogen oxide (NO and NOy) measurements were performed onboard an in-service aircraft within the framework of CARIBIC (Civil Aircraft for Regular Investigation atmosphere Based on Instrument Container). A total 330 flights completed from May 2005 through April 2013 between Frankfurt/Germany destination airports in Canada, USA, Brazil, Venezuela, Chile, Argentina, Colombia, South Africa, China, Korea, Japan, India, Thailand, Philippines. Different regions show differing NO NOy mixing ratios....

Abstract. In this paper we present EMO-5 (“European Meteorological Observations”, spatial resolution of 5 km), a European high-resolution, (sub-)daily, multi-variable meteorological dataset built on historical and real-time observations obtained by integrating data from 18 964 ground weather stations, four high-resolution regional observational grids (i.e. CombiPrecip, ZAMG – INCA, EURO4M-APGD, CarpatClim), one global reanalysis (ERA-Interim/Land). includes the following at daily resolution:...

Abstract. The ash cloud of the Eyjafjallajökull (also referred to as: Eyjafjalla (e.g. Schumann et al., 2011), Eyjafjöll or Eyjafjoll Ansmann 2010)) volcano on Iceland caused closure large parts European airspace in April and May 2010. For validation improvement volcanic forecast models several research flights were performed. Also CARIBIC (Civil Aircraft for Regular Investigation atmosphere Based an Instrument Container) flying laboratory, which routinely measures at cruise altitude (≈11...

During the summer monsoon upper troposphere over South Asia is characterized by anticyclone centered above Tibetan Plateau. Surface air that has been rapidly transported upwards through deep convection becomes trapped within strong anticyclonic circulation. Observations of trace gases this CARIBIC flying observatory revealed large enhancements in greenhouse gas methane (CH 4 ), which increased course monsoon. Meteorological analysis indicated these masses originated primarily India, for...

Abstract An extensive set of in situ water vapor (H 2 O) data obtained by the IAGOS‐CARIBIC passenger aircraft at 10–12 km altitude over 8 years (2005–2013) is analyzed. A multifaceted description vertical distribution H O from upper troposphere (UT) via extratropical tropopause mixing layer (exTL) into lowermost stratosphere (LMS) given. Compared to longer‐lived trace gases, highly variable UT and exTL. It undergoes considerable seasonal variation, with maxima summer phase up ~4 above...

Abstract. Goal of the project CARIBIC (Civil Aircraft for Regular Investigation atmosphere Based on an Instrumented Container) is to carry out regular and detailed observations atmospheric composition (particles gases) at cruising altitudes passenger aircraft, i.e. 9–12 km. Mercury has been measured since May 2005 by a modified Tekran instrument (Tekran Model 2537 A analyser, Inc., Toronto, Canada) during monthly intercontinental flights between Europe South North America, Africa, Asia. Here...

Abstract. We compare in situ measurements of ozone (O3) and carbon monoxide (CO) profiles from the CARIBIC program with results regional chemistry transport model (WRF-Chem) to investigate role local emissions long-range over southern India during summer monsoon 2008. WRF-Chem successfully reproduces general features O3 CO distributions South Asian region. However, absolute concentrations lower troposphere are typically underestimated. Here we influence relative remote through sensitivity...

Based on a case‐study of the nickel smelter in Norilsk (Siberia), retrieval trace gas fluxes using airborne remote sensing is discussed. A DOAS system onboard an Airbus 340 detected large amounts SO 2 and NO near during regular passenger flight within CARIBIC project. The data were combined with ECMWF wind to estimate output industrial complex be around 1 Mt per year, which agreement independent estimates. This value compared results from satellite (GOME, OMI). validity assumptions...

Abstract. Mercury was measured onboard the IAGOS-CARIBIC passenger aircraft from May 2005 until February 2016 during near monthly sequences of mostly four intercontinental flights Germany to destinations in North and South America, Africa East Asia. Most these mercury data were obtained using an internal default signal integration procedure Tekran instrument but since April 2014 more precise accurate post-flight manual raw signal. In this paper we use latter data.Increased upper tropospheric...

Tropospheric sections of flights with the CARIBIC (Civil Aircraft for Regular Investigation Atmosphere Based on an Instrumented Container) observatory from May 2005 until June 2013, are investigated occurrence plumes elevated Hg concentrations. Additional information CO, CO2, CH4, NOy, O3, hydrocarbons, halocarbons, acetone and acetonitrile enable us to attribute biomass burning, urban/industrial sources or a mixture both. Altogether, 98 pollution concentrations CO mixing ratios were...

Abstract The El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) affects the tropospheric concentrations of many trace gases. Here we investigate ENSO influence on mercury measured in upper troposphere during Civil Aircraft for Regular Investigation atmosphere Based an Instrumented Container flights and at ground Cape Point, South Africa, Mace Head, Ireland. Mercury cross‐correlate with Southern Index (SOI) a lag 8 ± 2 months. Highest are always found most negative SOI values, i.e., months after Niño,...

Abstract. The CARIBIC (Civil Aircraft for the Regular Investigation of Atmosphere Based on an Instrument Container) passenger aircraft observatory performed in situ measurements at 10–12 km altitude South Asian summer monsoon anticyclone between June and September 2008. These enable us to investigate this atmospheric region (which so far has mostly been observed from satellites) using broad suite trace gases aerosol particles measured by CARIBIC. Elevated levels a variety pollutants (e.g....

Abstract. Rayleigh lidar temperature profiles have been derived in the polar middle atmosphere from 834 measurements with ALOMAR Rayleigh/Mie/Raman (69.3° N, 16.0° E) years 1997–2005. Since our instrument is able to operate under full daylight conditions, unique data set presented here extends over entire year and covers altitude region 30 km–85 km winter km–65 summer. Comparisons of reference atmospheres ECMWF analyses show agreement within a few Kelvin summer but higher temperatures below...

As part of the effort to understand volcanic plume composition and chemistry during eruption Icelandic volcano Eyjafjallajkull, CARIBIC atmospheric observatory was deployed for three special science flights aboard a Lufthansa passenger aircraft. Measurements made these included collection whole air samples, which were analyzed non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs). Hydrocarbon concentrations in samples found be reduced levels below background, with relative depletions characteristic reaction...

Abstract. The Civil Aircraft for the Regular Investigation of Atmosphere Based on an Instrument Container (CARIBIC) project investigates physical and chemical processes in Earth's atmosphere using a Lufthansa Airbus long-distance passenger aircraft. After beginning explosive eruption Eyjafjallajökull volcano Iceland 14 April 2010, first CARIBIC volcano-specific measurement flight was carried out over Baltic Sea Southern Sweden 20 April. Two more flights followed: one Ireland Irish 16 May...

Abstract. A laser spectrometer for automated monthly measurements of methane (CH4) mixing ratios aboard the CARIBIC passenger aircraft is presented. The instrument based on a commercial Fast Greenhouse Gas Analyser (FGGA, Los Gatos Res.), which was adapted to meet requirements imposed by unattended airborne operation. It characterised in laboratory with respect stability, precision, cross sensitivity H2O, and accuracy. For operation, calibration strategy described that utilises CH4 obtained...

Abstract We present spatial and temporal variations of methyl chloride (CH 3 Cl) in the upper troposphere (UT) observed mainly by Civil Aircraft for Regular Investigation atmosphere Based on an Instrument Container (CARIBIC) passenger aircraft years 2005–2011. The CH Cl mixing ratio UT over Europe was higher than that at a European surface baseline station throughout year, indicative persistent positive vertical gradient Northern Hemisphere midlatitudes. A series flights Africa South Asia...

Abstract. Goal of the project CARIBIC (Civil Aircraft for Regular Investigation atmosphere Based on an Instrumented Container) is to carry out regular and detailed observations atmospheric composition (particles gases) at cruising altitudes passenger aircraft, i.e. 9 – 12 km. Mercury has been measured since May 2005 by a modified Tekran instrument (Tekran-Analyzer Model 2537 A, Inc., Toronto, Canada) during monthly intercontinental flights between Europe South North America, Africa Asia....

Combining data taken during the MaCWAVE summer rocket campaign at Andøya Rocket Range (69.3°N, 16.0°E) with a lidar, radiosondes, falling spheres, and VHF radars Esrange, gravity wave content of troposphere stratosphere nights was analyzed. The lidar yielded vertical wavelengths periods waves in stratosphere. A Stokes parameter analysis performed for radiosonde sphere to estimate propagation directions waves. inferred by applying wavelet cross‐spectral methods radar data. We found conditions...

Abstract. Atmospheric gravity waves have been the subject of intense research for several decades because their extensive effects on atmospheric circulation and temperature structure. The U. Bonn lidar at Esrange ALOMAR RMR Andøya Rocket Range are located in northern Scandinavia 250 km apart east west side Scandinavian mountain ridge. During January February 2003 both systems conducted measurements retrieved temperatures. On 19/20 simultaneous more than 7 h were possible. Although during...

Abstract. We compare in situ measurements of ozone (O3) and carbon monoxide (CO) profiles from the CARIBIC program with results regional chemistry transport model (WRF-Chem) to investigate role local/regional emissions long-range over southern India during summer monsoon 2008. WRF-Chem successfully reproduces general features O3 CO distributions South Asian region. However, absolute concentrations lower troposphere are typically underestimated. Here we influence local relative remote through...