<h3>Context</h3> Psychopaths belong to a larger group of persons with antisocial personality disorder and are characterized by an inability have emotional involvement the repeated violation rights others. It was hypothesized that this behavior might be consequence deficient fear conditioning. <h3>Objective</h3> To study cerebral, peripheral, subjective correlates conditioning in criminal psychopaths healthy control subjects. <h3>Design</h3> An aversive differential pavlovian delay paradigm...

While animal studies suggest that neonatal pain experiences induce long-term alterations in sensitivity, no such data exist humans. Changes sensitivity school-aged children (9-14 years) who were born preterm or fullterm, had been hospitalized for a prolonged period of time after birth and undergone repeated painful procedures while being treated Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) determined. A retrospective cohort study 19 (<or=31 weeks gestational age) 20 fullterm (>or=37 at least 3 days...

Shame is considered to be a central emotion in borderline personality disorder and related self-injurious behavior, chronic suicidality, anger-hostility. However, its level impact on people with are largely unknown. The authors examined levels of self-reported shame, guilt, anxiety, implicit shame-related self-concept women assessed the association shame self-esteem, quality life, anger-hostility.Sixty completed self-report measures shame- guilt-proneness, state depression, clinical...

Differential aversive Pavlovian conditioning with a foul odor as unconditioned stimulus (US) and neutral faces conditioned stimuli (CS) was compared between 9 noncriminal psychopaths defined by the Hare Psychopathy Checklist Revised 12 healthy controls. Event-related potentials (ERP), heart rate, skin conductance response, corrugator EMG, startle response potentiation well valence, arousal, contingency of CS were assessed. Whereas controls (HC) showed significant CS+/CS− differentiation,...

Due to maturation-related plasticity of the developing nociceptive system, neonatal input, as induced by medical procedures in intensive care unit (NICU), may cause long-term alterations pain processing. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, this study investigated cerebral response school-aged children and adolescents (11-16 yr) with experience a NICU after preterm (<or=31 weeks gestational age, N=9) or fullterm birth (>or=37 compared control without early hospitalization (N=9). had...

Little is known about how women with borderline personality disorder (BPD) and social phobia react to mental illness stigma. The goal of this study was assess empirically self-stigma its correlates in these groups. Self-stigma related constructs were measured by self-report questionnaires among 60 BPD 30 phobia. inversely self-esteem, self-efficacy, quality life predicted low self-esteem after controlling for depression shame-proneness. Stereotype awareness not significantly correlated or...

Aversive pavlovian delay conditioning was investigated in a sample of 11 criminal psychopaths as identified by using the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised and matched healthy controls. A painful electric stimulus served unconditioned neutral faces conditioned stimuli. Event-related potentials, startle response potentiation, skin conductance response, corrugator activity, heart rate were assessed, along with valence, arousal, contingency ratings CS US. Compared to controls, psychopathic subjects...

Differential aversive Pavlovian conditioning with a foul odor as unconditioned stimulus (US) and neutral faces conditioned stimuli (CS) was compared between 9 noncriminal psychopaths defined by the Hare Psychopathy Checklist Revised 12 healthy controls. Event‐related potentials (ERP), heart rate, skin conductance response, corrugator EMG, startle response potentiation well valence, arousal, contingency of CS were assessed. Whereas controls (HC) showed significant CS+/CS− differentiation,...

Previously, it was shown that school-aged (9-14 yr) preterm and fullterm children with neonatal pain exposure exhibit elevated heat thresholds heightened perceptual sensitization to tonic painful when tested under standard conditions [Hermann C, Hohmeister J, Demirakca S, Zohsel K, Flor H. Long-term alteration of sensitivity in early experiences. Pain 2006;125:278-85]. Here, changes the psychosocial context responses these children, who had been hospitalized >or=7 days after birth including...

Different subsets of Drosophila melanogaster's clock neurons are characterized by their specific functions in daily locomotor rhythms and the differences neurotransmitter composition. We investigated function neuropeptide F (NPF) immunoreactive rhythmic behavior adult flies. newly identified fifth s-LN(v) a subset l-LN(v)s as NPF-positive addition to three LN(d)s that have been described previously. then selectively ablated different NPF-expressing using npfGal4-targeted expression cell...

Human neuroimaging studies indicate that the anterior midcingulate cortex (AMC) and ventromedial prefrontal (vmPFC) play important roles in expression extinction of fear, respectively. Electrophysiological rodent further oscillatory neuronal activity homolog regions (i.e., prelimbic infralimbic cortices) changes during fear recall. Whether similar processes occur humans remains largely unexplored. By assessing scalp surface EEG conjunction with LORETA source estimation CS-related theta gamma...

Pertussis is a highly contagious respiratory infection. It affects people of all ages, yet evidence the impact pertussis in adults with underlying conditions (UCs) scarce. This study investigated incidence and complication rate adult patients without UC. A retrospective analysis was conducted using routinely collected German claims data between 2015 2019. Patients different pneumological, cardiovascular, endocrinological, musculoskeletal, psychological UCs were matched for estimation....

Recent studies showed an enhanced general sensitivity to painful stimuli in adult migraineurs during as well between attacks. Yet, the influence of a prolonged pain history and potential sex differences has not been studied. We used quantitative sensory testing examine 25 children with migraine attacks 28 controls (age 9-15). The assessment included measurement heat mechanical thresholds measures perceptual sensitization response repetitive (mechanical) or tonic (thermal) noxious stimulation...

The blue-light photoreceptive protein Cryptochrome (CRY) plays an important role in the light synchronization of Drosophila circadian clock. Previously, we found that among approximately 150 clock neurons, many but not all neurons express CRY. We speculated CRY-positive pacemaker may be especially for entrainment, whereas CRY-negative other environmental cues, example, temperature. To investigate this hypothesis, tested entrainability to out-of-phase and temperature cycles. When light-dark...

The circadian clock modulates the adaptive daily patterns of physiology and behavior adjusts these rhythms to seasonal changes. Recent studies locomotor activity wild-type mutant fruit flies in quasi-natural conditions have revealed that behavioral differ considerably from those observed under standard laboratory conditions. To unravel molecular features accompanying adaptation clock, we investigated Drosophila’s neuronal expression canonical proteins PERIOD (PER) TIMELESS (TIM) nature. We...