Buy-one-get-one (BOGO) promotions have become popular. With BOGO, the first unit is sold for regular price, and second discounted. We analyze BOGO in manufacturer–retailer supply chains. identify conditions under which outperforms price reduction (PR) everyday low (EDLP) policies. find that, some products, whether consumers stockpile or not, if PR same market size, has a larger retailer profit manufacturer because induces more to buy consume two units. When stockpile, sets prices prevent...

Abstract Many retailers and manufacturers issue “free” gift cards to consumers who purchase qualifying products. These are paid for by the retailer or manufacturer redeemed on certain products at retailer. We develop a decentralized two‐product supply chain in which is Stackelberg leader. analyze three models: no cards, manufacturer‐sponsored retailer‐sponsored cards. By comparing these models, we show that offering retail‐sponsored optimal strategy such chain. influences of product value...

Recent years, the car-hailing platforms have been booming in market, such as Didi and Uber. These a common characteristic, that is to allow service providers decide how often work by themselves. According demand condition, platform can match supply through pricing strategy. In this paper, based on problem of strategy platform, we develop model which adjusts maximizes its profit. We get optimal price wage. It means improve profit strategically pricing.

We consider the problem of supply chain coordination when supplier is unreliable. By unreliable, we mean that with some probability delivers an amount strictly less than desired. formulate decision models under quantity flexibility contract model unreliable supply. The analysis results show contracts can make coordinated certain conditions. Finally, conclusions get further proved through numerical analysis.

``Buy-One-Get-One" (BOGO) promotions have become popular. With BOGO, the first unit is sold for regular price, and second discounted. We analyze BOGO in manufacturer-retailer supply chains. identify conditions under which outperforms price reduction (PR) everyday low (EDLP) policies. find that some products, whether consumers stockpile or not, if PR same market size, has larger retailer's profit manufacturer's because induces more to buy consume two units. When stockpile, retailer sets...

More and more enterprises are willing to use gift cards for product promotion. In this paper, we assume that the consumer utility function is a nonlinear based on previous research. We describe consumers' purchasing behavior without spending constraint from perspective of develop model derive optimal purchase amount threshold, card value under single two cards. certain extent, paper makes up lack in theoretical

Due to fierce market competition, businesses take a variety ways of promotions. Among them, gift card is widely used in major businesses. In this paper, we studied the pricing strategy retailer-sponsored card. We develop model depending on wholesale price fixed and redemption increasing value. explore optimal retail value get profits retailer, manufacturer supply chains. Finally, do comparative static analysis implications taking manufacturer, retailer consumers.

In recent years, with the intensification of market competition, more and firms tend to use gift cards promotion. this paper, based on problem retailer strategic inventory in two-period supply chain, we develop model which manufacturer-sponsored free We get optimal wholesale price, retail level that should take at end first period results expected profit manufacturer two periods. Moreover, do a comparative analysis between NG G, find manufacturer's G is always better than value NG. It means...

Based on the global supply chain, which includes two suppliers (a foreign supplier and a local supplier) one manufacturer (which is risk averse), considering exchange rate risk, this paper studies optimal decision problem of manufacturer's ordering pricing. Through constructing model, strategy was given. The results show that higher or risk-averse degree will decrease order quantity from supplier; increase supplier. expected profit increases in risk.

This paper mainly studies the demand function of mobile voice service on Chinese communication market. Considering characteristics this product, consumption habit is introduced into our model, thus dynamic panel data model and corresponding estimating methods are used to estimate model. We compare results with done by other researchers, comparison shows that has an significant impact service, its entrance in can correct effect price service. also found was a statistically factor influenced...

Gift cards is frequently used to replace traditional gift cash and products, especially when givers do not know receivers' performances. Basing on this phenomenon, we analyze the supplier's retailer's strategies with selling cards. First, develop a Stackelberg model without Next, two models unredeemed balances become property state's property, respectively. We present optimal solutions exam impacts of parameters decisions supply chain performance. When retailer sells cards, order quantity...

This paper researched the game between supplier and retailer when invests to with analysis frame work of principal-agent theory under asymmetric information, compared decision result information symmetric information. At same time, this analyzed different parameter, such as ability level coefficient supplier, risk aversion degree, effort cost coefficient, nature status how influenced expected revenue retailer. Finally, new observation variable affects incentive was studied.

"Buy-one-get-one" (BOGO) promotions have become very popular among many retailers. With BOGO, the first unit of product is sold for regular price and if a consumer buys second unit, then it discounted by some percentage or may be free. We analyze BOGO in manufacturer-retailer supply chain. identify conditions under which promotion outperforms commonly used reduction promotion. Surprisingly, we find that type goods, with without consumers' stockpiling, will always preferred chain, i.e....

Considering the minimum expected total cost of supply chain and volume flexibility, author established multi-products chain's flexibility decision-making model related to producing under demand uncertainty in this paper. We got function with respect level chain. presented definition efficient frontiers explained its economic meanings. Furthermore, we researched characteristics proved have two characteristics: monotone increasing convexity. Meanwhile, introduced a kind new criterion confirm...

In recent years, with the intensification of market competition, more and firms tend to use gift cards promotion. this paper, we consider manufacturer sponsored retailer-issued in a single retailer supply chain. We Stackelberg game framework where is leader. analyze result chain cost allocation strategies compare it without strategies. find that can increase retailer's price expected consumer demand certain condition. Furthermore, also profit manufacturer, whole other words are effective,...

In recent years, with the intensification of market competition, more and firms tend to use gift cards promotion. this paper, we develop a promotion strategy model in which retailer offers consumers who purchase certain amount money. We analyze cases category products is multiple terms prices qualities. show that optimal face value card maximal profit vary widely according different threshold.

According to the test that we made based on theory of consumer behavior, found how purchase amount threshold, gift card face value and using restriction affect effectiveness cards promotion. Consumers' perception purchasing wishes tend be lower with a higher which influence transaction consumers have pay obtain extra compensation. In addition, also willingness value; because card's economic benefit can change consumer's price perception. However, combined effect high threshold is going...

In recent years, with the intensification of market competition, more and firms tend to use gift cards promotion. this paper, we consider a retailer offers consumers, assume that demand is deterministic, then, linear function describe retailer's in condition no card promotion offering Finally, establish maximized profit derive optimal solution, so obtain firm's pricing, ordering policies. The analysis shows programs can result substantial increases depending on three important factors -...