As systems continue to grow in size and complexity, they pose increasingly greater safety risk management challenges. Today when complex fail mishaps occur, there is an initial tendency attribute the failure human error. Yet research has repeatedly shown that more often than not it error but organizational factors set up adverse conditions increase likelihood of system failure. Resilience engineering concerned with building are able circumvent accidents through anticipation, survive...

Conversational argument is characterized as sequential expansion of adjacency pairs aimed at regulating disagreement. The preconditions and embedded propositons the speech act performed in arguable turn define sorts expansions recognizable arguments. General properties explain prevalence enthymemes conversation.

Abstract Increasingly, social marketers are using sexual information in public service announcements and collateral material for a wide range of causes. This study builds on previous research to explain how appeals can affect cognitive processing persuasion “help-self” marketing topics. It also goes beyond traditional single-message designs by testing matched pairs (sexual/nonsexual) 13 The major finding was that were more persuasive overall than nonsexual Sexual stimulated favorable ad...

Journal Article Generalizing about Messages: Suggestions for Design and Analysis of Experiments Get access Sally Jackson, Jackson 1Sally (Ph.D., University Illinois, 1980) is an assistant professor communication at Michigan State University, East Lansing, 48824 Search other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Scott Jacobs 2Scott 1982) a visiting Human Communication Research, Volume 9, Issue 2, December 1983, Pages 169–181,...

Abstract A theoretical analysis of the natural category "argument"; can be built inductively from examination discursive objects recognizable as members category. The argument appears to defined functionally by its disagreement‐relevance and structurally expansion basic sequences speech acts. Expansion act into prototypical arguments—those in which reasons are exchanged—is governed felicity conditions associated with particular acts involved, so that making an is always done reference...

Discourse analytic research has treated the communicative and sequential properties of conversational influence attempts (CIAs) independently. This study assembles evidence that a variety act‐types in CIA episodes can be placed on continuum according to degree which act‐type is dissociated from illocutionary force request. Conversationalists' assignment any utterance place this inherently problematic, being matter fallible assessment mutual contextual knowledge. its problematic application...

Robert Craig's constitutive meta-model of communication reminds us that while scholarship may feel like discovery communication's natural properties, it is also often (if not always) on a path to invention new possibilities and reconstitution. The suggests every theory design language for communication, itself be development. Design inquiry can conducted in all subdisciplines incorporating contributing widely disparate theories. work takes many forms, producing artifacts as diverse...

Abstract Three significant points of controversy separate Hunter, Hamilton, and Allen's defense single‐message designs from our suggestion that messages be replicated within experiments. We respond to each these controversies. First, we examine their claim "controlled"; completely eliminate all confounding manipulated variables with other possible influences on the dependent variable show it rest manifestly implausible assumptions. Second, why researchers should plan for possibility...

Two ways of conducting the search for generalizations about messages are considered: Morley's (this volume) proposal that single-message research designs be used, with subsequent meta-analytic summaries, and Jackson Jacobs's (1983) multiple-message treated as a random factor in statistical analysis. approach is shown to provide more dependable, efficient, practical means gathering requisite evidence dependable generalizations. The charge suffer from irreparable problems experimenter bias...

This study extends a line of research aimed at discovery the rules which organize conversational argument and persuasion. Earlier studies have identified structures generate patterns proposal advocacy—prototypes O'Keefe's argument1. examines superficially different pattern, one characterized by collaboration in production mutually agreeable rather than advocacy fixed proposal. We argue that both negotiation are generated common underlying principles, concretized sequencing speech act rules.

Abstract Previous research has apparently established that persuasive strategy use is heavily dependent on characteristics of the specific compliance‐gaining situation. Situational variables believed to have systematic effects choice include intimacy interpersonal relationship and duration consequences compliance or noncompliance. This study, an attempt replicate prototype studies in area, finds little support for many findings now accepted as general propositions. The likelihood a will be...

Jackson and Jacobs (1983) argued for three changes in the conduct of message effects research: inclusion multiple replications as instances a treatment, recognition source random variation estimation treatment effects, attention to issues sampling. This review updates their argument examines 24 years research published Human Communication Research evidence these recommendations. The shows following: prevalence studies failing replicate has declined, are still rarely recognized factors,...

ABSTRACT 21 first graders and 20 third were told to pick drawings of clowns out an array on the basis ambiguous messages. One messages could be taken refer either two clowns, depending which interpretive strategy child employed. The other message given no definite interpretation. Although 23 41 children refused make a choice for second message, 31 specified choices message. First applied Antecedence Maxim strategy. Third used Quantity