A photonic crystal fiber made of fused silica glass and infiltrated with nitrobenzene (C6H5NO2) was proposed as a new nonlinear medium for supercontinuum generation (SG). The guiding properties the structure were studied numerically, including estimation effective refractive index, attenuation, dispersion fundamental mode. Based on obtained results, three optimized structures selected tested numerically SG. With numerical simulations propagation, we demonstrated feasibility spectrally broad...

A photonic crystal fiber (PCF) made of fused silica glass, infiltrated with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), is proposed as a new source supercontinuum (SC) light. Guiding properties in terms effective refractive index, attenuation, and dispersion the fundamental mode are studied numerically. As result, two optimized structures selected verified against SC generation detail. The characteristic first structure has zero-dispersion wavelength at 1.252 μm, while second all-normal equals -4.37...

Hollow-core optical fibers (HCFs) have unique properties like low latency, negligible nonlinearity, wide low-loss spectrum, up to 2100 nm, the ability carry high power, and potentially lower loss then solid-core single-mode (SMFs). These features make them very promising for communication networks similar applications. However, this class of is still in development. Current applications are almost exclusively limited low-latency data links High-Speed Trading (HST); other uses trial stage...

Supercontinuum generation (SG) in fused silica photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) having a core infiltrated with liquid benzene is analyzed. Three PCF designs, dimensions and chromatic dispersion optimized for SG using off-the-shelf femtosecond pulse lasers (1560 nm, 90 ps), are proposed. F1 fiber lattice constant Λ = 1.5 μm linear filling factor f 0.45 has all-normal offers the 700- to 2000-nm band at relative power levels within 15 dB when pumped 3 nJ pulses. F2 (Λ μm, 0.6) enables an...

In this paper we report on the fabrication and characterization of an all-solid photonic band gap fiber with high contrast low index core. The cladding is composed lead-silicate rods while borosilicate NC21 glass used as a background glass. A 70 nm wide at 875 central wavelength experimentally identified compared numerical model. We also present novel method for measurement using femtosecond pulsed laser. verified against standard one discussed.

We present a highly birefringent fiber with core made of artificial anisotropic glass material. The is composed interleaved subwavelength layers two types soft glasses ordered in rectangular structure. A pair thermally matched glasses, low refractive index borosilicate and high lead oxide glass, are used. has unique flat profile birefringence over one octave, weakly dependent on wavelength. group effective mode area were measured broadband range across the visible near infrared for...

Coupling a photonic crystal fiber (PCF) to measuring instruments or optical subsystems is often done by splicing it short lengths of single mode (SMF) used for interconnections, as SMF standardized, widely available and compatible with most optic components instruments. This paper presents procedures results loss measurements during fusion five PCFs tested at NIT laboratory within activities COST Action 299 "FIDES". Investigated silica-based fibers had 80-200 μm cladding diameter were...

This paper describes the outcome of two groups which are involved in specification guidelines for fibre optic sensors performance and testing.The "Guideline use sensors" from COST-299 guideline group, "Optical Strain Sensor based on Fibre Bragg Grating" GESA group VDI -"The Association German Engineers".Through appropriate specifications definitions, both aim at enabling better understanding characteristics performances.A concise view into structure is presented, emphasizing important...

Six photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) were characterized at NIT laboratory participating in COST Action 299 "FIDES", allowing for comparisons of properties and their dependence on fiber design. Samples tested included three nonlinear with germanium doped core, two un-doped core honeycomb structure, a "PANDAlike" PCF pair large holes along an core. Tests optical time domain reflectometer (OTDR) measurements, spectral loss, polarization mode dispersion (PMD) its variations temperature, twist...

Properties of two different photonic crystal fibers (PCF) were characterized, enabling comparisons. investigated included spectral attenuation, polarization mode dispersion (PMD), optical time domain reflectometer characteristics, elastooptic factor describing transmission delay induced by axial strain plus effects temperature cycling and fiber twist on PMD loss. In particular, dependence was for each tested. For measurements, fusion spliced to pigtails with standard telecom single fibers....

Introduction of subwavelength inclusions in the core opens up an additional degree freedom shaping dispersion characteristic photonic crystal fibers (PCFs). We have developed a PCF with nanostructured inclusion to verify this concept. To suppress higher order modes, cladding structure fiber is composed first ring linear filling factor 0.95 and remaining 5 rings lower 0.4 lattice constant $$2.6\,\upmu \hbox {m}$$ . Diameter nano-inclusion 410 nm. For development, we used pair thermally...

Optical time domain reflectometer (OTDR) is versatile tool for characterization of optical fibres in telecom networks. Measurements several silica-based photonic crystal (PCFs) during COST Action 299 proved OTDR useful measuring PCFs as well. was able to provide relatively accurate fiber attenuation data even when high splice/coupling loss and propagation higher order modes holey structure made other methods unreliable. Several tested had highly doped core, produced intense backscattering -...

While new FTTH-PON technologies: 10 Gb/s (XG-PON1, 10G EPON), 40 (NG-PON2) and WDM-PON are being developed standardized, deployments remain limited to older GPON EPON systems. This is because equipment considerably more expensive, while access network segment price-sensitive heavily regulated. Large scale adoption of systems may ultimately happen, but for now manufacturers must find other applications like backhaul FTTB LTE networks. well suited both roles, alternative markets relatively small.

This paper presents results of laboratory tests investigating influence temperature on polarization mode dispersion (PMD) in variety single optical fibers and cables. Research was focused primarily tight-buffered fibers, where most pronounced effects resulting from buffer shrinkage or expansion were expected. The goal to verify performance fiber cable exposed extreme temperatures compare behavior different Very strong dependence PMD detected standard with 0.9 mm tight buffer, commonly used...

—Experiments and theoretical analysis of influence temperature on polarization mode dispersion (PMD) in single optical fibers cables are presented. Forces generated by contracting buffer create birefringence increase fiber PMD at low temperatures. Single (SMF) 0.9 mm polymeric tight-buffer can exhibit an extra component exceeding 0.3 ps/√km such conditions. On the other hand, tight-buffered spun nonzero dispersion-shifted (NZDSF) units with stranded have showed good stability over wide range...

Following experiments on temperature dependence of polarization mode dispersion (PMD) in tight-buffered standard single fibres (ITU-T G.652), see Ibid., pp. 441-444, we did the same for nonzero-dispersion shifted (NZ-DSF, ITU-T G.655), and found they exhibit much better PMD stability when subjected to mechanical forces generated by buffers coatings. The difference can be explained "spinning" during drawing NZ-DSF fibres, leaving residual circular strain, which rotates radiation plane,...

We present experience with photonic crystal fiber (PCF) characterization during COST Action 299, focusing on phenomena causing errors and ways to mitigate them. PCFs developed at IPHT Jena (Germany) UMCS Lublin (Poland), designed for single mode operation were coupled test instruments by fusion splicing intermediate lengths of telecom fibers (SMF). PCF samples short (0.5-100 m), 20-70 dB/km attenuation 1310 nm 1550 nm. Optical Time Domain Reflectometer (OTDR) was best measuring loss as most...

Polarization mode dispersion (PMD) is a major limitation to upgrade of existing optical fiber plant with higher capacity equipment. This paper presents results experiments aimed at establishing dependence PMD temperature and aging, primarily for tight-buffered fibres used in indoor cables certain ground wires (OPGW). Fibres standard 0.9 mm tight buffers such showed large increase low temperatures. The OPGW has, however exhibited good stability during cycling between -40/spl deg/C +85/spl...

The paper presents optical measurements – spectral loss, OTDR and PMD, temperature cycling mechanical tests bending, twist crush, performed on Yb-doped single mode fibers small-core photonic crystal (PCF). Several issues related specifically to characterization of such specialty fibers, like measurement errors artifacts as well coupling test instruments samples are presented. Of particular importance is reliable low-loss fusion splicing standard (SMF), most commercially available fiber...