The phenomenal growth of remotely piloted aerial application systems (RPAASs) in recent years has raised questions about their impact on the off-target movement plant protection products. spray droplet spectrum is one important determining factors that govern trajectories and pesticide particles. A field study was conducted to compare in-swath downwind deposition ground samplers from a 20 L RPAAS platform, equipped with three different nozzles, which provided fine, medium, extra-coarse...

The objective of this study was to investigate the impact varying wind speeds (1.5, 3.0, and 4.5 m/s), initial payload volumes (2 10 L), nozzle droplet size characteristics (fine, medium, coarse) on drift during spray applications from an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) hovering freely in a tunnel. Along length tunnel, glass slides were used collect droplets at 14 points distributed upwind, in-swath, downwind distances. Analysis results showed that there are distinguishable shifts up 2 m...

Abstract Potential toxic effects of thiamethoxam on nontarget organisms and the community structure a generic Midwestern farm pond emergent wetland were assessed using 2 versions comprehensive aquatic system model: CASM GFP , model, GWL model. The are integrated bioenergetics‐based habitat quality models that describe daily biomass values selected producer consumer populations representative generalized ponds wetlands. demonstrated ability to reproduce population reported for (and other)...

ABSTRACT Risk curves describe the relationship between cumulative probability and magnitude of effect thus express far more information than risk quotients. However, their adoption has remained limited in ecological assessment. Therefore, we developed Ecotoxicity Calculator (ERC) to simplify derivation curves, which can be used inform management decisions. Case studies are presented with crop protection products, highlighting utility ERC at incorporating various data sources, including...

Increasing energy demands and diminishing fuel supplies have left nations desirous of avenues to minimize their reliance on traditional sources a need infuse supplementary technologies. Biogas technology is one such trajectory that can contribute the reduction dependency fossil as well allay environmentally problems. The University Technology, Jamaica (UTech) Pennsylvania State (PSU), in pursuit investigating potential biogas agricultural sectors Pennsylvania, United States, sought use...

ABSTRACT Wheat crops and the major wheat‐growing regions of United States are not included in 6 crop‐ region‐specific scenarios developed by US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) for exposure modeling with Pesticide Root Zone Model conceptualized groundwater (PRZM‐GW). The present work augments current defining appropriately vulnerable PRZM‐GW high‐producing spring winter that appropriate use refined pesticide assessments. Initial screening‐level was conducted all wheat areas across...

S-metolachlor volatile loss at 3, 6, and 12 h after spray application of Dual Magnum herbicide to cotton soybean plants was measured in laboratory flux chambers. Data generated these chambers were used compute volatilization estimates. The emission rate ranged from 64 178 μg m–2 h–1 for 83 169 during the first 3 sampling period application. Flux rates decreased with increasing time, highest values observed following Over course experiment, time-averaged means not significantly different,...

Currently, the concept of plant capture efficiency is not quantitatively considered in evaluation off-target drift for purposes pesticide risk assessment United States. For on-target applications, canopy managed by optimizing formulations or tank-mixing with adjuvants to maximize retention spray droplets. These efforts take into consideration fact that species have diverse morphology and surface characteristics, as such will retain varying levels applied pesticides. This work aims combine...

Abstract Several models have been developed with streamflow as a covariate for predicting daily pesticide concentrations in surface water systems. Among these models, the SEAWAVE‐QEX model has proposed by United States Environmental Protection Agency regulatory assessments. In this paper, was modified to include alternative transformations of data, and no covariates. The predictive performance evaluated compared original using high frequency sampling dataset that includes 9 sites 10 years...

Abstract The estimation of upper percentiles chemical concentrations in surface water systems within sites and regions may be necessary for the assessment potential risk to ecosystems human health. Limited sample sizes at monitoring often limit use direct methods estimate percentiles. In such cases, a time frame estimated by pooling data across years, then deriving percentile estimates from pooled dataset. method uses observations resulting either known probability‐sampling design or...