A5001320299- Geological and Geochemical Analysis
- earthquake and tectonic studies
- High-pressure geophysics and materials
- Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations
- Earthquake Detection and Analysis
- Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena
- Seismology and Earthquake Studies
- Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
- Seismic Waves and Analysis
- Atmospheric aerosols and clouds
- Hydrocarbon exploration and reservoir analysis
- Planetary Science and Exploration
- Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
- Cryospheric studies and observations
- Marine and coastal ecosystems
- Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis
- Atmospheric Ozone and Climate
- Material Dynamics and Properties
- Climate variability and models
- Lightning and Electromagnetic Phenomena
- Geophysics and Gravity Measurements
- Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques
- Reservoir Engineering and Simulation Methods
- Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping
Universität Hamburg
2014-2024
Max Planck Society
2010
Met Office
2007
Hamburg Institut (Germany)
2006
Kiel University
2004
GEOMAR Technologie GmbH - GTG
1997-2003
GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel
2000
Johns Hopkins University
1993
University of Münster
1991
Abstract. Iron is a key limiting micro-nutrient for marine primary productivity. It can be supplied to the ocean by atmospheric dust deposition. Volcanic ash deposition into represents another external and so far largely neglected source of iron. This study demonstrates strong evidence natural fertilisation in iron-limited oceanic area NE Pacific, induced volcanic from eruption Kasatochi volcano August 2008. Atmospheric conditions were favourable generate massive phytoplankton bloom Pacific...
Research Article| November 01, 2002 Are the regional variations in Central American arc lavas due to differing basaltic versus peridotitic slab sources of fluids? Lars H. Rüpke; Rüpke 1GEOMAR Center, Wischhofstrasse 1-3, 24148 Kiel, Germany Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Jason Phipps Morgan; Morgan Matthias Hort; Hort James A.D. Connolly 2Earth Science Department, Swiss Federal Institute Technology, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland Author and Article Information...
Active fluid and gas transport were measured observed along more than 200 km of the convergent margin Costa Rica during cruise SO144‐2 aboard RV Sonne . Ten profiles run with TV‐sled OFOS, eight which detected dense occurrence cold vent sites. This discovery shows that seafloor expulsion is widely spread Pacific Rica. Surficial evidence indicated by appearance chemosynthetic organisms such as bacterial mats, vesicomyid, solemyid mytilid bivalves tubeworms. Numerous active vents elevated...
We describe a multiparameter experiment at Erebus volcano, Antarctica, employing Doppler radar, video, acoustic, and seismic observations to estimate the detailed energy budget of large (up 40 m‐diameter) bubble bursts from persistent phonolite lava lake. These explosions are readily studied crater rim ranges less than 500 m present an ideal opportunity constrain dynamics mechanism magmatic that can drive Strombolian Hawaiian eruptions. first second typical explosion as function time type....
Abstract. Volcanic ash cloud-top height (ACTH) can be monitored on the global level using satellite remote sensing. Here we propose a photogrammetric method based parallax between data retrieved from geostationary and polar orbiting satellites to overcome some limitations of existing methods ACTH retrieval. SEVIRI HRV band MODIS 1 are good choice because their high resolution. The procedure works well if both nearly simultaneously. does not retrieve at exactly same time as SEVIRI. To...
The liquidus temperature of magma that reaches shallow levels during its ascent may change abruptly as a result the release volatiles or through mixing combination both. Immediately after this abrupt occurs disequilibrium is observed in melt, and here it shown melt rapidly re-equilibrates to thermodynamic equilibrium. A quantitative model for cooling crystallization simple two-component used investigate such re-equilibration processes. relaxation time, defined time required system...
As specifically designed platforms are still unavailable at this point in time, lava flows usually monitored remotely with the use of meteorological satellites. Generally, satellites have a low spatial resolution, which leads to uncertain results. This paper presents first long term satellite monitoring active on Stromboli volcano (August–November 2014) high resolution (160 m) and relatively temporal (~3 days). These data were retrieved by small Technology Experiment Carrier-1 (TET-1), was...
Abstract. In high-nutrient–low-chlorophyll regions, phytoplankton growth is limited by the availability of water-soluble iron. The eruption Kasatochi volcano in August 2008 led to ash deposition into iron-limited NE Pacific Ocean. Volcanic released iron upon contact with seawater and generated a massive bloom. Here we investigate this event one-dimensional ocean biogeochemical column model illuminate response fertilisation volcanic ash. results indicate that added triggered bloom summer...
The use of radar Doppler velocimetry for the observation volcanic activity is new. We used this method to continuously observe one vent Stromboli volcano, Italy, from end 2000 April until early May. During period we recorded 702 eruptions, 132 which occurred before a strong rain storm passed over island on 29. In order interpret data developed program that simulates different strombolian eruption scenarios, then calculate theoretical spectra. Comparing our with observed are able show most...
Crystal size frequency distributions, crystallization histories, and thermal histories were calculated for the liquidus phase of a two‐component melt to model multicomponent magma injected in dike or sill. The crystal sizes, variances times depend on competitive rates heat transfer by conduction, nucleation growth rate functions, boundary conditions. It is shown that functions can be parameterized their maximum amplitudes temperatures maxima. texture crystallized intrusion depends difference...
In August 2008, Kasatochi volcano on the Aleutian Islands erupted without much advance warning. Volcanic ash released during this eruption quickly settled out of atmosphere, mainly into NE Pacific Ocean. The amount volcanic ash, as well fall area and volume Ocean, remains speculative, only a limited number measurements is available. We used three‐dimensional atmosphere/chemistry‐aerosol model to determine atmospheric distribution SO 2 its fallout after volcano. first step, modeled...
Volcanic eruptions inject sulfur into the atmosphere mainly in form of SO 2 and H S. The ratio these species (H S/SO ), which is usually used as mirror oxidation state source magma, varies significantly according to type activity, tectonic setting etc. This study aims investigate role hot core plinian sub‐plinian volcanic plumes (T > 600°C) speciation based on thermodynamic equilibrium this temperature range. We consider a box model 1000°C magmatic gas 25°C ambient air are mixed show that...
Microlites in pumice fragments can record the rate of magma decompression and ascent, but only if none grow while those cool atmosphere. For highly viscous silicate melts, such crystallization is unlikely, more basic melts are known to crystallize rapidly, thus could partially during cooling overprint textures. To examine whether postfragmentation occur, we examined two basaltic clasts from sub-Plinian April 1999 eruption Shishaldin volcano, Alaska. Radial sectioning shows that microlite...
MEPS Marine Ecology Progress Series Contact the journal Facebook Twitter RSS Mailing List Subscribe to our mailing list via Mailchimp HomeLatest VolumeAbout JournalEditorsTheme Sections 488:81-88 (2013) - DOI: https://doi.org/10.3354/meps10403 Geochemical evidence of oceanic iron fertilization by Kasatochi volcanic eruption in 2008 and potential impacts on Pacific sockeye salmon N. Olgun1,2,7,*, S. Duggen3, B. Langmann4, M. Hort4, C. F. Waythomas5, L. Hoffmann2, P. Croot6 1Dynamics Ocean...
The in situ measurement of gas-jet dynamics at Santiaguito volcano, Guatemala, revealed that explosive degassing events are composed single explosions (or pulses) represent the sudden ejection fast particles from one or more vents. We use a combined 2-D cross-correlation and frequency analysis to explore regularity such pulses. During an event pulses occur regularly every 3 s. Here, we present simple conceptual model explain pulsed nature events. In our model, magma rise through conduit is...
A novel technique to quantitatively assess volcanic eruption dynamics is presented. We report on measurements of velocities with a modified micro radar Doppler anemometer Stromboli volcano, Italy. The mean vertical velocity recorded during four day period in late 1996 was around 10 m/s which somewhat the small side for strombolian eruptions. However, activity volcano this very weak explaining relatively velocities. used much better resolution than older techniques based static photos and...
During explosive volcanic eruptions, pumice clasts are transported into the atmosphere, and their thermal degassing histories determine how much volatiles lost syneruptively. This process is studied by combining a steady state eruption column model with for cooling of pumice. In we investigate impact various parameters (e.g., mass rate, Biot number, temperature, geometry) on find that number temperature most influential. typical risetimes pumices inside columns (200–300 s), those smaller...
Abstract Laboratory and numerical experiments boundary layer analysis of the entrainment buoyant asthenosphere by subducting oceanic lithosphere implies that slab is likely to be relatively inefficient at removing a lower viscosity layer. Asthenosphere would instead mostly removed accretion into eventual subduction overlying lithosphere. The (hot) side entrains formation ∼10–30 km‐thick downdragged layer, whose thickness depends upon rate density contrast asthenosphere, while upper (cold)...