The program VEPFIT is presented which extrats the relevant parameters from positron measurements on implanted materials and layered structures. Measurements of Doppler Broadening parameter S positronium fraction F vs energy incident positrons are analyzed by means a semi‐linear fitting procedure. principles analysis method given performance artificially experimentally obtained data demonstrated. Fitting strategies outlined accuracy results discussed.

Interest in Demand Response (DR) is increasing due to its potential improve reliability and save costs for electricity systems. DR can provide a sustainable cost-effective option supply balancing, especially scenario with more volatile inflows from renewable energy sources. End-users be incentivized through time-based pricing general dynamic particular. This paper provides theoretic framework practice-oriented review of the status Europe, outlining major challenges currently hampering...

In order to decarbonize the energy sector, there is a widespread consensus that role of end-users in system should change from passive consumption active prosumption and engagement. This particular importance as an increasing number technologies business models are focusing on end-users. These developments provide new opportunities for further technical social innovation smarter, flexible integrated systems such community (CESs). Through integration engagement CESs assist transition...

In the unbundled national electricity markets in Europe, balancing market is institutional arrangement that deals with of demand and supply. This paper presents a framework for policy makers identifies relevant design variables performance criteria play role analysis European markets. We outline full extent challenge through discussion trade-offs among criteria, uncertain effects variables, many inter-linkages between at large. Policy can address by adopting structured approach which...

The growing penetration of distributed energy resources is opening up opportunities for local management (LEM) – the coordination decentralized supply, storage, transport, conversion and consumption within a given geographical area. Because European electricity market liberalization concentrates competition at wholesale level, distribution level likely to impose new roles responsibilities on existing and/or actors. This paper provides insights into appropriateness organizational models...

Integrated community energy systems (ICESs) are emerging as a modern development to re-organize local allowing simultaneous integration of distributed resources (DERs) and engagement communities. Although initiatives, such ICESs rapidly due objectives, cost emission reductions well resiliency, assessment evaluation still lacking on the value that these can provide both communities whole system. In this paper, we present model-based framework assess for The resources-consumer adoption model...

The governance of renewable electricity in Europe beyond 2020 is still uncertain. only certain aspects are that national level targets will be abolished 2020, and most support schemes take the form competitive bidding. objective this paper to assess impact policy choices, so-called Design Elements, related on social welfare. Presently, simulation optimisation models commonly applied for assessing value choice. Typically however, such do not account bounded rationality, true uncertainty...

Offshore wind will contribute to the decarbonization of European power systems, but is currently costlier than many other generation technologies. We assess adequacy market strategies available private actors developing offshore farms in Europe, by employing development and diffusion pattern model. The model includes two earlier phases addition large-scale deployment phase models: innovation adaptation phases. During its moved from experimentation a dominant design (monopile foundations...

Energy policy design in Europe is a complex issue involving multiple levels of governance, and heavily influenced by institutional contexts. However Europe, model-based analysis even more so, arguably shaped the neo-classical school thought. There need to provide structured approach that would facilitate incorporating contexts into Renewable Sources for Electricity (RES-E) analysis. This paper presents formal RES-E based on Design Theory, Institutional Analysis Development (IAD) Framework,...

HVDC innovations and the integration of power markets renewables drive development a European Northern Seas offshore grid. This transmission system performs two functions: interconnecting onshore systems, connecting wind farms. Despite its benefits, an integrated grid combining functions is slow. The main reasons are lack cooperation governance frameworks to overcome regional differences distribute costs benefits. These barriers were studied so far only qualitatively or through perfect...

The development of offshore transmission and wind power generation in the North Sea Europe is advancing fast, but there are significant barriers to an integrated grid region. This a multi-level, multi-actor system requiring governance decision-making approach, currently no proven framework for it, or expansion planning European general. In addition, existing models do not endogenously include considerations, such as country vetoes lines. We develop myopic Mixed-Integer Linear Programming...