The epidemiological investigation was carried out among 228 children selected from two schools of similar socioeconomic strata in and around Chennai city.The study population consisted 128 visually impaired 100 normal school going the age group 6-15 years. examination procedure criteria were those recommended by W.H.O. 1997.The mean DMFT/deft 1.1 0.17,0.87 0.47 children, respectively. Oral hygiene levels both groups were: value good category 0.19 0.67, fair 0.22 0.1, poor 0.40 0.23 Trauma...

We hypothesized differences in molecular strategies for similar journeys that migrants undertake to reproduce spring and overwinter autumn. tested this redheaded buntings ( Emberiza bruniceps ) photoinduced into autumn migratory states, with winter summer non-migratory states as controls. Compared controls, fattened, gained weight showed Zugunruhe (nocturnal restlessness) the state. Spring migration was associated greater fat body mass, higher intensity of , compared migration. Circulating...

What is the central question of this study? are molecular underpinnings seasonal adaptation in a latitudinal migratory songbird? main finding and its importance? We found changes mRNA levels after photoperiod-induced alteration state captive long-distance avian migrant. The hypothalamus liver transcriptomes revealed genes involved regulatory functional pathways between non-migratory states. Our results provide insights into mechanisms underlying homeostasis during that conserved across most...

Organisms adapt to daily and seasonal environmental changes maximise their metabolic reproductive fitness. For seasonally breeding animals, photoperiod is considered the most robust cue drive these changes. It, however, does not explain interannual variations in different phenotypes. Several studies have repeatedly shown influence of ambient temperature on timing physiologies including migration, reproduction its associated behaviours, etc. In present review, we discussed effects events...

Avian migration has been studied for a long time. Yet, very little is understood about the mechanisms underlying preparation and departure of these migrants twice‐a‐year towards their destination. In recent years, some experimental evidence accumulated from studies on Palearctic‐Indian migratory blackheaded buntings Emberiza melanocephala redheaded bruniceps . These are obligate latitudinal migrant passerines, with yearly to‐and‐fro migrations between breeding grounds in west Asia/southeast...

Abstract The excessive use of artificial light is altering the natural light–dark cycles, consequently impacting animal behavior and physiology. Dim at night (dLAN) can disrupt migratory patterns, alter hormone levels, impact breeding success in birds. present research aims to address effects dLAN on metabolic reproductive tissues redheaded bunting ( Emberiza bruniceps ). For this, buntings under short winter‐like days (10L:14D) were exposed either dark nights D = 0.00014 W/m 2 ) or 0.058 ),...

New Findings What is the central question of this study? are molecular underpinnings seasonal metabolic plasticity during spring and autumn migrations in songbirds? main finding its importance? We report differences mRNA levels genes involved regulation glucose fat metabolism between photoinduced non‐migratory migratory states states. Higher expression associated with mobilization energy generation than migration suggests differential activation pathways or alteration efficiency existing...

We investigated the role of ambient temperature in departure from wintering areas migratory black-headed buntings spring. Birds transferred at 22 and 35°C to long days were compared with one another controls held on short for indices readiness migrate (Zugunruhe, fattening, mass gain), levels testosterone gonadal recrudescence. Temperature affected development behaviour physiology: under 35°C, those 22°C, showed altered (daily activity Zugunruhe onset), enhanced muscle growth plasma levels,...

Abstract We investigated time course of photoperiodically driven transcriptional responses in physiologically contrasting seasonal life-history states migratory blackheaded buntings. Birds exhibiting unstimulated winter phenotype (photosensitive state; responsive to photostimulation) under 6-h short days, and regressed summer (photorefractory unresponsiveness 16-h long were released into an extended light period up 22 h the day. Increased tshβ dio2 , decreased dio3 mRNA levels hypothalamus,...

Day length regulates the development of spring migratory and subsequent reproductive phenotypes in avian migrants. This study used molecular approaches, compared mRNA proteome-wide expression captive redheaded buntings that were photostimulated under long-day (LD) conditions for 4 days (early stimulated, LD-eS) or ∼3 weeks until each bird had shown successive nights Zugunruhe (stimulated, LD-S); controls maintained short days. After LD, indices preparedness (fattening, weight gain Zugunruhe)...

We hypothesized that daily food availability times served as an ‘epigenetic’ factor and affected the reproductive physiology in continuously reproducing species. This we tested by measurement of mRNA expression genes coding for enzymes involved DNA methylation-demethylation (dnmts, tets) histone modification (hat1, hdacs) hypothalamus, liver gonads male female zebra finches were paired held a year under 12L:12D with access to time-restricted (TrF: 4-h morning, TrF-M, or evening, TrF-E)...

Abstract We investigated the molecular basis of seasonal testicular states in black‐headed buntings ( Emberiza melanocephala ), which migrations limit reproduction to a narrow time‐window during year. examined gene expressions short day‐induced photosensitive nonreproductive state (SDSE), and long early (LDES) late (LDLS) gonadal maturation regressed photorefractory (LDRF) states. Using Kallisto, we pseudoaligned RNA‐Seq transcripts calculated transcript abundance. found 1,799 differentially...

Pierre Robin Sequence is a congenital condition involving combination of micrognathia and glossoptosis with or without cleft palate. Feeding problems are often associated anamoly which make it difficult for the infant to maintain adequate nutrition. Here we present case 58-day-old neonate sequence, in whom contructed palatal obturtor feeding.