A5000271211- earthquake and tectonic studies
- Geological and Geochemical Analysis
- High-pressure geophysics and materials
- Geological and Geophysical Studies
- Geological formations and processes
- Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Geological Studies and Exploration
- Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena
- Hydrocarbon exploration and reservoir analysis
- Seismic Imaging and Inversion Techniques
- Seismology and Earthquake Studies
- Geological and Tectonic Studies in Latin America
- Seismic Waves and Analysis
- Heat and Mass Transfer in Porous Media
- Rock Mechanics and Modeling
- Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism Studies
- Geological and Geophysical Studies Worldwide
- Reservoir Engineering and Simulation Methods
- Enhanced Oil Recovery Techniques
- Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping
- CO2 Sequestration and Geologic Interactions
- Drilling and Well Engineering
- Geological Modeling and Analysis
- Hydraulic Fracturing and Reservoir Analysis
- Geotechnical and Geomechanical Engineering
Laboratoire de Géologie de l’École Normale Supérieure
2018-2024
École Normale Supérieure - PSL
2010-2024
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
2011-2024
École des Neurosciences de Paris
2024
Université Paris Sciences et Lettres
2018-2024
Laboratoire de Physique de l'ENS
2018-2024
GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences
2022-2024
Université de Rennes
2024
AXA (France)
2024
Institut Universitaire de France
2024
Abstract Microbathymetry data, in situ observations, and sampling along the 13°20′N oceanic core complexes (OCCs) reveal mechanisms of detachment fault denudation at seafloor, links between tectonic extension mass wasting, expose nature corrugations, ubiquitous OCCs. In initial stages faulting high‐angle fault, scarps show extensive wasting that reduces their slope. Flexural rotation further lowers scarp slope, hinders resulting morphologically complex chaotic terrain breakaway denuded...
Understanding abyssal hill spacing The most prominent topographic features on Earth are hills found the bottom of ocean floor. Olive et al. wanted to understand and size these hills. They used a model that combines magma supply mechanical response crust. explains observations around mid-ocean ridges. Crustal topography appears be poor recorder changes in supply. However, may faithfully recorded at base Science , this issue p. 310
Abstract We investigate the feedbacks between surface processes and tectonics in an extensional setting by coupling a 2‐D geodynamical model with landscape evolution law. Focusing on of single normal fault, we show that significantly enhance amount horizontal extension fault can accommodate before being abandoned favor new fault. In simulations very slow erosion rates, 15 km thick brittle layer extends via succession crosscutting short‐lived faults (heave < 5 km). By contrast, when rates...
Abstract Large earthquakes are the product of elastic stress that has accumulated over decades to centuries along segments active faults. Assuming an crust, one can roughly estimate location and rate accumulation stress. However, this general framework does not account for inelastic, irrecoverable deformation, which results in large‐scale topography. We do know part earthquake cycle such deformation occurs. Using InSAR GNSS measurements, we report on a potential correlation between...
Abstract We investigate the mechanisms of normal fault initiation and evolution in subducting Pacific Plate near Mariana Trench, through bathymetry analysis geodynamic modeling. model plate as an elastoplastic slab subjected to tectonic forcing at trench, including vertical load, bending moment, horizontal tensional force. In our simulations, faults initiate within outer rise region reach maximum throw toward trench. This result holds over a wide range is consistent with observations...
The relative heat carried by diffuse versus discrete venting of hydrothermal fluids at mid‐ocean ridges is poorly constrained and likely varies among vent sites. Estimates the proportion flow range from 0% to 100% total axial flux. Here, we present an approach that integrates imagery, video, temperature measurements accurately estimate this partitioning a single site, Tour Eiffel in Lucky Strike field along Mid‐Atlantic Ridge. Fluid temperatures, photographic mosaics video sequences fluid...
Properly assessing the extent and magnitude of fault ruptures associated with large earthquakes is critical for understanding behavior hazard. Submarine faults can trigger tsunamis, whose characteristics are defined by geometry seafloor displacement, studied primarily through indirect observations (e.g., seismic event parameters, profiles, shipboard bathymetry, coring) rather than direct ones. Using deep-sea vehicles, we identify first time a marker coseismic slip on submarine plane along...
Abstract We use data from an extensive multibeam bathymetry survey of the Chile Ridge to study tectonomagmatic processes at ridge axis. Specifically, we investigate how abyssal hills evolve axial faults, variations in magmatic extension influence morphology and faulting along spreading axis, these correlate with segmentation. The are used estimate fraction plate separation accommodated by normal faulting, remaining extension, M , is attributed primarily accretion. Results show that ranges...
Locked areas of subduction megathrusts are increasingly found to coincide with landscape features sculpted over hundreds thousand years, yet the mechanisms that underlie such correlations remain elusive. We show interseismic locking gradients induce increments irreversible strain across overriding plate manifested predominantly as distributed seismicity. Summing these earthquake cycles produces a spatially variable field uplift representing unbalance co-, post-, and strain. This long-term...
Abstract While normal faults are essential in shaping the seafloor formed at slow spreading mid‐ocean ridges, information on their behavior short (seismic cycle) time scales is limited. Here we combine catalogs of hydro‐acoustically and teleseismically recorded earthquakes to characterize state seismic coupling along Northern Mid‐Atlantic Ridge (MAR) between 12°N 35°N. Along this portion MAR axis, tectonic extension either taken up by steep conjugate that outline well‐defined ridge‐parallel...
While elasticity is a defining characteristic of the Earth's lithosphere, it often ignored in numerical models long-term tectonic processes favour simpler viscoplastic description. Here we assess consequences this assumption on well-studied geodynamic problem: growth normal faults at an extensional plate boundary. We conduct 2-D simulations extension elastoplastic and layers using finite difference, particle-in-cell approach. Our simulate range faulted layer thicknesses rates, allowing us to...
While it is well documented that continental extension involves discrete tectonic or magmatic rifting events, little known about how deformation accumulates between these events. Here we focus on strain localization across the Natron Basin, which part of eastern branch East African Rift, experienced a major tectono-magmatic event in 2007.A cross-rift profile horizontal GNSS velocities (2013&#8211;2017) reveals gradual transition rigid Tanzanian Craton and Somalian Plate, with ~2 mm/yr...
Mid-ocean ridge eruptions and hydrothermal circulation are thought to be fueled by sill-shaped axial melt lenses (AMLs) located a few km below seafloor. Multiple such bodies have now been seismically imaged within lower crustal mush zones. The short recurrence time of (~10 yrs) at fast-spreading ridges, as well the considerable heat output vents (~100 MW) both suggest that AMLs undergo magmatic replenishment rates match or exceed long-term oceanic crust accretion. Repeated seismic imaging...
Hydrothermal circulation at the axis of fast-spreading mid-ocean ridges is intrinsically linked to magmatic activity, which typically fluctuates on decadal time scales, i.e., characteristic recurrence eruptions. While hydrothermal vent temperatures are known fluctuate in response sudden events such as dike intrusions or seismic swarms, their longer-term processes replenishment an axial melt lens (AML) remain poorly documented. Here we focus high-temperature vents from 9&#176;50'N segment...
Upper-plate deformation during the subduction zone seismic cycle is classically modeled as elastic, assuming only non-reversible strain occurs on megathrust. However, recent geomorphological studies indicate a slow build-up of distributed across upper plate over hundreds thousands years, with spatial distribution that bears similarities interseismic field (e.g., Meade, 2010; Saillard et al., 2017; Malatesta 2021). This suggests somehow related to accumulates cycles. Oryan al. 2024 recently...
Hydrothermal convection in young oceanic lithosphere accounts for ~25% of the total global heat flow, and thus plays a critical role Earth's thermal evolution. The permeability structure is key factor governing how efficiently tapped from magma bodies or hot upwelling mantle can be transferred to overlying ocean. Drill hole measurements laboratory experiments unambiguously show that decreases with depth (i.e., pressure), either exponentially through some power law relations. However, impact...
The Sound Fixing and Ranging (SOFAR) channel facilitates the propagation of underwater acoustic waves over vast distances with minimal attenuation. Exploiting this property, various passive hydroacoustic networks have been deployed globally to monitor signals trapped within SOFAR channel. One notable application involves T-waves (or "Tertiary waves"), which are generated from conversion of&#160; seismic at ocean-bottom interface propagating in SOFAR. offer significant advantages...
Axial melt lenses (AMLs) are key features of fast and magmatically-robust spreading ridges. These sill-shaped bodies typically sit atop a lower crustal mush zone, supply magma that gets intruded in the brittle axial lithosphere as dikes, or emplaced at seafloor lava flows. The replenishment rate these shallow reservoirs is thus critical control on modes accretion, timing mid-ocean ridge eruptions, thermo-chemical output hydrothermal convection, but remains scarcely documented.Here we revisit...