E. V. Marley
A5029187893- Laser-Plasma Interactions and Diagnostics
- Laser-induced spectroscopy and plasma
- Atomic and Molecular Physics
- High-pressure geophysics and materials
- Magnetic confinement fusion research
- Laser Design and Applications
- Laser-Matter Interactions and Applications
- Cold Fusion and Nuclear Reactions
- Nuclear Physics and Applications
- Plasma Diagnostics and Applications
- X-ray Spectroscopy and Fluorescence Analysis
- Atomic and Subatomic Physics Research
- Planetary Science and Exploration
- Particle Accelerators and Free-Electron Lasers
- Fusion materials and technologies
- Acoustic Wave Resonator Technologies
- Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications
- Combustion and Detonation Processes
- Advanced X-ray Imaging Techniques
- Ion-surface interactions and analysis
- Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques
- Particle accelerators and beam dynamics
- Additive Manufacturing Materials and Processes
- Optical and Acousto-Optic Technologies
- Muon and positron interactions and applications
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
2016-2025
Lawrence Livermore National Security
2024
University of California, Davis
2012-2023
General Atomics (United States)
2017-2021
Los Alamos National Laboratory
2021
École Polytechnique
2021
Diamond Materials (Germany)
2021
University of Oxford
2020
University of Alberta
2017
Abstract Obtaining a burning plasma is critical step towards self-sustaining fusion energy 1 . A one in which the reactions themselves are primary source of heating plasma, necessary to sustain and propagate burn, enabling high gain. After decades research, here we achieve burning-plasma state laboratory. These experiments were conducted at US National Ignition Facility, laser facility delivering up 1.9 megajoules pulses with peak powers 500 terawatts. We use lasers generate X-rays radiation...
The newly commissioned Orion laser system has been used to study dense plasmas created by a combination of short pulse heating and compression driven shocks. Thus the plasma density was systematically varied between 1 10 g/cc using aluminum samples buried in plastic foils or diamond sheets. heated electron temperatures 500 700 eV allowing conditions be diagnosed K-shell emission spectroscopy. spectra show effect ionization potential depression as function density. data are compared simulated...
An inertial fusion implosion on the National Ignition Facility, conducted August 8, 2021 (N210808), recently produced more than a megajoule of yield and passed Lawson's criterion for ignition [Phys. Rev. Lett. 129, 075001 (2022)]. We describe experimental improvements that enabled N210808 present first measurements from an igniting plasma in laboratory. metrics like product hot-spot energy pressure squared, absence self-heating, increased by ∼35%, leading to record values enhancement...
We present the design of first igniting fusion plasma in laboratory by Lawson's criterion that produced 1.37 MJ energy, Hybrid-E experiment N210808 (August 8, 2021) [Phys. Rev. Lett. 129, 075001 (2022)10.1103/PhysRevLett.129.075001]. This uses indirect drive inertial confinement approach to heat and compress a central "hot spot" deuterium-tritium (DT) fuel using surrounding dense DT piston. Ignition occurs when heating from absorption α particles created process overcomes loss mechanisms...
An indirect-drive inertial fusion experiment on the National Ignition Facility was driven using 2.05 MJ of laser light at a wavelength 351 nm and produced 3.1±0.16 total yield, producing target gain G=1.5±0.1 exceeding unity for first time in laboratory [Phys. Rev. E 109, 025204 (2024)10.1103/PhysRevE.109.025204]. Herein we describe experimental evidence increased drive capsule additional energy control over known degradation mechanisms, which are critical to achieving high performance....
The impact to fusion energy production due the radiative loss from a localized mix in inertial confinement implosions using high density carbon capsule targets has been quantified. and local cooling of reacting plasma conditions was quantified neutron x-ray images reconstruct hot spot during thermonuclear burn. Such features arise ablator material that is injected into Rayleigh-Taylor growth surface perturbations, particularly tube used fill with deuterium tritium fuel. Observations,...
HYBRID-E is an inertial confinement fusion implosion design that increases energy coupled to the hot spot by increasing capsule scale in cylindrical hohlraums while operating within current experimental limits of National Ignition Facility. reduces hohlraum at a fixed size compared previous HYBRID designs, thereby efficiency and capsule, uses cross-beam transfer (CBET) control symmetry inner (23° 30°) outer (44° 50°) laser beams different wavelengths (Δλ> 0). Small case ratio designs...
Abstract Indirect Drive Inertial Confinement Fusion Experiments on the National Ignition Facility (NIF) have achieved a burning plasma state with neutron yields exceeding 170 kJ, roughly 3 times prior record and necessary stage for igniting plasmas. The results are despite multiple sources of degradations that lead to high variability in performance. Results shown here, first time, include an empirical correction factor mode-2 asymmetry regime addition previously determined corrections...
The micrometer-scale tube that fills capsules with thermonuclear fuel in inertial confinement fusion experiments at the National Ignition Facility is also one of implosion's main degradation sources. It seeds a perturbation injects ablator material into center, radiating away some hot-spot energy. This paper discusses how arises using high-density carbon ablators and mix interacts once it enters hot-spot. Both modeling show an in-flight areal-density localized x-ray emission stagnation from...
The interface between the capsule ablator and fuel ice layer is susceptible to hydrodynamic instabilities. subsequent mixing of hot material into reduces compression at stagnation a candidate for reduced performance. ability diagnose ice–ablator mix critical understanding improving stability this interface. Combining crystal backlighter imager with single line sight camera on National Ignition Facility (NIF) allows direct measurement by providing multiple quasi-monochromatic radiographs...
Superponderomotive-energy electrons are observed experimentally from the interaction of an intense laser pulse with a relativistically transparent target. For target, kinetic modeling shows that generation energetic is dominated by energy transfer within main, classically overdense, plasma volume. The produces narrowing, funnel-like channel inside volume generates field structure responsible for electron heating. combines slowly evolving azimuthal magnetic field, generated strong...
We present measurements of ice-ablator mix at stagnation inertially confined, cryogenically layered capsule implosions. An ice layer thickness scan with layers significantly thinner than used in ignition experiments enables us to investigate near the inner ablator interface. Our reveal for first time that majority atomically mixed material is ``dark'' mix. It seeded by interface instability and located relatively cooler, denser region fuel assembly surrounding fusion hot spot. The amount...
While nuclear fusion ignition has been achieved at the National Ignition Facility in inertial confinement (ICF) experiments, obtaining higher gain and more efficient burn is still desired. In that regard, increasing compression of fuel an important factor. recent indirect-drive capsule implosions, SQ-n campaign testing hypothesis reducing hydrodynamic growth perturbations key to achieving high-density carbon based-ablators for ICF. uses a design lower adiabat with ramped foot laser pulse...
Laser-driven inertial fusion experiments have, for the first time, achieved a target gain greater than unity in laboratory setting [Abu-Shawareb et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 132, 065102 (2024)]. Despite this breakthrough, burn-up fraction remains limited to about one-fourth of ideal estimates due insufficient areal density, highlighting potential gains through enhanced compression. In our previous work, we demonstrated record-high compression stagnated fuel indirectly driven implosions using...
Fuel–ablator mix has been established as a major performance degrading effect in the burning plasma regime of recent inertial confinement fusion (ICF) experiments. As such, study fuel–ablator with experiments and simulations can provide valuable insight for our understanding these establish path even higher yields increased robustness. We present novel high-yield experimental ICF design that is motivated by measuring ice–ablator CH ablator instead high-density carbon (HDC) [B. Bachmann et...
High fuel compression has been successfully achieved through implosions utilizing high-density carbon ablators at the National Ignition Facility. The new drive and ablator profile have resulted in a significant improvement measured down-scattered neutron fraction, which is metric of compression, compared to previously established designs. This enhancement attributed increased stability reduced adiabat.
We describe our current understanding of the variability and degradation mechanisms observed through a series five indirectly driven inertial fusion implosions fielded at National Ignition Facility in fall 2021, four which attempted to reproduce first experiment achieve Lawson's criterion for ignition with thermonuclear yield 1.35 MJ on August 8, 2021. A large number absolutely calibrated (imaging, time-resolved, spectrally resolved) x-ray neutron diagnostics are NIF along multiple lines...
A system of customized spatial light modulators has been installed onto the front end laser at National Ignition Facility (NIF). The devices are capable shaping beam profile a low-fluence relay plane upstream amplifier chain. Their primary function is to introduce "blocker" obscurations programmed locations within profile. These positioned shadow small, isolated flaws on downstream optical components that might otherwise limit operating energy. were designed enable drop-in retrofit each 48...
The first measurement of the emittance intense laser-produced positron beams has been made. values were derived through measurements beam divergence and source size for different peak energies under various laser conditions. For one these conditions, we used a dimensional pepper-pot technique to refine value. positrons have geometric between 100 500 mm·mrad, comparable sources at existing accelerators. With 1010-1012 per bunch, this low beam, which is quasi-monoenergetic in energy range 5–20...
Customized spatial light modulators have been designed and fabricated for use as precision beam shaping devices in fusion class laser systems. By inserting this device a low-fluence relay plane upstream of the amplifier chain, "blocker" obscurations can be programmed into profile to shadow small isolated flaws on downstream optical components that might otherwise limit system operating energy. In two stage system, 1920 × 1080 bitmap images are first imprinted incoherent, 470 nm address beams...
Hydrodynamic instabilities and asymmetries are a major obstacle in the quest to achieve ignition at National Ignition Facility (NIF) as they cause pre-existing capsule perturbations grow ultimately quench fusion burn experiments. This paper reviews development of two new experimental techniques measure high-mode low-mode deceleration phase indirect drive inertial confinement implosions. In first innovative technique, self-emission from hot spot was enhanced with an argon dopant...
Time resolved x-ray images with 7 ps resolution are recorded on relativistic short-pulse laser-plasma experiments using the dilation imager, a high-speed framing camera, sensitive to x-rays in range of ≈1−17 keV. This capability enables series 2D be at picosecond scales, which allows for investigation fast electron transport within target unprecedented temporal resolution. An increase Kα-emission spot size over time was found targets thinner than recirculation limit and is absent thicker...
K-shell x-ray spectra of Li- to H-like ions have long been used determine plasma conditions. The ratio integrated line intensities is the temperature. At density non-local thermal dynamic equilibrium (NLTE) plasmas (n e ≈ 1021 cm-3), spectrum not very sensitive density. We propose using L-shell emission open (C- Li-like) as an alternative both temperature and NLTE plasmas. First, models a mid-Z material need be verified against temperatures obtained low-Z material. A buried layer platform...