Salinity is a severe abiotic stress that affects irrigated croplands. Jasmonate (JA) an essential hormone involved in plant defense against herbivory and responses to stress. However, the relationship between salt response JA pathway Arabidopsis thaliana not well understood at molecular cellular levels. In this work we investigated activation of signaling by NaCl its effect on primary root growth. We found JA-responsive JAZ genes were up-regulated COI1-dependent manner roots. Using JA-Ile...

Transgenic tobacco plants carrying a number of regulatory sequences derived from the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter were tested for their response to treatment with salicylic acid (SA), an endogenous signal involved in plant defense responses. beta-Glucuronidase (GUS) gene fusions full-length (-343 +8) or -90 truncation found be induced by SA. Time course experiments revealed that, continuous presence SA, construct (-90 35S-GUS) displayed rapid and transient induction kinetics,...

Salicylic acid (SA) is a stress-induced hormone involved in the activation of defense genes. Here we analyzed early genetic responses to SA wild type and npr1-1 mutant Arabidopsis seedlings, using Complete Transcriptome MicroArray (CATMAv2) chip. We identified 217 genes rapidly induced by (early SAIGs); 193 NPR1-dependent 24 NPR1-independent pathway. These two groups also differed their functional classification, expression profiles over-representation cis-elements, supporting differential...

Abstract Metabolic fluctuations in chloroplasts and mitochondria can trigger retrograde signals to modify nuclear gene expression. Mobile likely be involved are reactive oxygen species (ROS), which operate protein redox switches by oxidation of specific cysteine residues. Redox buffers, such as the highly reduced glutathione pool, serve reservoirs reducing power for several ROS-scavenging ROS-induced damage repair pathways. Formation disulfide a shift potential (EGSH) toward less negative...

Abstract The activation sequence-1(as-1)-like element found in the promoter of some glutathione S-transferase (GST) genes, has been previously described as a salicylic acid (SA)- and auxin-responsive element. In this paper, we tested hypothesis that activating effect SA on as-1 is mediated by oxidative species. Supporting hypothesis, our results show antioxidants dimethylthiourea (DMTU) 3-t-butyl-4-hydroxy-anizole (BHA) inhibit SA-induced transcription genes controlled elements tobacco...

Abstract Mitochondrial complex II (succinate dehydrogenase [SDH]) is part of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and respiratory electron transport chain. Its flavoprotein subunit encoded by two nuclear genes, SDH1-1 SDH1-2, in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). The SDH1-2 gene significantly expressed only roots, albeit at very low level, its disruption has no effect on growth development homozygous mutant plants. In contrast, transcripts are ubiquitously expressed, with highest expression...

Glutaredoxins (GRXs) belong to the antioxidant and signalling network involved in cellular response oxidative stress bacterial eukaryotic cells. In spite of high number GRX genes plant genomes, biological functions physiological roles most them remain unknown. Here functional characterization Arabidopsis GRXS13 gene (At1g03850), that codes for two CC-type isoforms, is reported. The transcript variant coding GRXS13.2 isoform predominantly expressed under basal conditions induced by...

Salicylic acid (SA) is a key signal for the activation of defense genes in response to stress. The late by SA, such as PR-1, involves participation NPR1 protein. This protein acts coactivator TGA factors that recognize as-1-like elements PR-1 promoter. Considering functional are also found promoter SA- and auxin-responsive immediate early genes, we tested hypothesis required these genes. expression glutathione S-transferase (GST6) glucosyltransferase (EIGT) was studied npr1 mutant wild-type...

Casein kinase 2 (CK2) is a ubiquitous enzyme essential for the viability of eukaryotic cells. In present work we analyzed Arabidopsis thaliana genome in search genes coding all CK2 alpha and beta subunits. We found four subunit genes. Expression analysis showed that are expressed inflorescences, stems, leaves roots. The level expression these very similar, except one codes an harboring putative chloroplastic destination peptide (alphacp), which shows slightly higher tissues. Using transgenic...

Salicylic acid (SA) is a key hormone that mediates gene transcriptional reprogramming in the context of defense response to stress. GRXC9, coding for CC-type glutaredoxin from Arabidopsis, an SA-responsive induced early and transiently by NPR1-independent pathway. Here, we address mechanism involved this SA-dependent pathway, using GRXC9 as model gene. We first established expression UVB exposure through validating its activation physiological stress condition. promoter analyses indicate SA...

Mitochondrial complex II (succinate dehydrogenase [SDH]) plays roles both in the tricarboxylic acid cycle and respiratory electron transport chain. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), its flavoprotein subunit is encoded by two nuclear genes, SDH1-1 SDH1-2. Here, we characterize heterozygous SDH1-1/sdh1-1 mutant plants displaying a 30% reduction SDH activity as well partially silenced obtained RNA interference. We found that these displayed significantly higher CO(2) assimilation rates...

Salicylic acid (SA) is a major defense signal in plants. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), the chloroplast-localized isochorismate pathway main source of SA biosynthesis during abiotic stress or pathogen infections. first step pathway, enzyme ISOCHORISMATE SYNTHASE1 (ICS1) converts chorismate to isochorismate. An unknown subsequently SA. Here, we show that ICS1 protein levels increase UV-C stress. To identify proteins may play roles production by regulating ICS1, analyzed...

Abstract Plants possess a robust metabolic network for sensing and controlling reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels upon stress conditions. Evidence shown here supports role TGA class II transcription factors as critical regulators of genes ROS in the tolerance response to UV-B Arabidopsis. First, tga256 mutant plants showed reduced capacity scavenge H2O2 restrict oxidative damage UV-B, also methylviologen-induced photooxidative stress. The TGA2 transgene (tga256/TGA2 plants) complemented...

Plant glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are glutathione-dependent enzymes with versatile functions, mainly related to detoxification of electrophilic xenobiotics and peroxides. The Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) genome codes for 53 GSTs, divided into seven subclasses; however, understanding their precise functions is limited. A recent study showed that class II TGA transcription factors TGA2, TGA5, TGA6 essential tolerance UV-B-induced oxidative stress this associated an antioxidative...

Paraburkholderia phytofirmans PsJN is a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium (PGPR) that stimulates growth and improves tolerance to abiotic stresses. This study analyzed whether strain can reduce disease severity proliferation of the virulent Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000, in Arabidopsis plants, through activation induced resistance. plants previously exposed showed reduction pathogen leaves compared with noninoculated, infected plants. The defense-related genes WRKY54, PR1, ERF1,...

Summary The maize mitochondrial genome does not contain a gene coding for ribosomal protein S14. In this paper we show that the functional rps14 was translocated to nucleus and acquired signals conferring expression product targeting mitochondrion in way previously described. Transferred found integrated between both exons of encoding iron–sulphur subunit respiratory complex II ( sdh2 ). Sdh2 exon 1 were separated by typical plant nuclear intron spliced give mature poly(A)+ mRNA 1.4 kb. This...

Abstract Three different nuclear genes encode the essential iron-sulfur subunit of mitochondrial complex II (succinate dehydrogenase) in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), raising interesting questions about their origin and function. To find clues role, we have undertaken a detailed analysis expression. Two (SDH2-1 SDH2-2) that likely arose via relatively recent duplication event are expressed all organs from adult plants, whereas transcripts third gene (SDH2-3) were not detected. The...

Abstract Mitochondrial complex II (succinate dehydrogenase) is part of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and respiratory chain. Three nuclear genes encode its essential iron-sulfur subunit in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). One them, SUCCINATE DEHYDROGENASE2-3 (SDH2-3), specifically expressed embryo during seed maturation, suggesting that SDH2-3 may have a role as maturation and/or germination. Here, we present data demonstrating three abscisic acid-responsive elements one RY-like enhancer...

Salicylic acid (SA) activates immediate early transcription of genes controlled by a family DNA promoter elements named as-1-like elements. These are functional in the glutathione S-transferase genes. We have previously shown that SA increases binding tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv Xanthi nc) nuclear factors to as-1 sequence process mediated protein phosphorylation. In this study we give evidence for participation kinase CK2 (casein 2) pathway activated tobacco. The first line comes from...

Salicylic acid (SA) is a hormone that modulates plant defenses by inducing changes in gene expression. The mechanisms control SA accumulation are essential for understanding the defensive process. TGA transcription factors from clade II Arabidopsis, which include proteins TGA2, TGA5, and TGA6, known to be key positive mediators of genes such as PR-1 induced application. However, unexpectedly, stress conditions induce accumulation, infection with avirulent pathogen P. syringae DC3000/AvrRPM1...