The aims of the study were: first to examine, using clinical symptoms patients as a template, whether correlated but independent dimensions positive, negative and depressive that have been identified in psychosis, also distribution non-clinical experiences general population; second, establish what degree population variation experience positive features psychosis is actually depression.In representative sample 932 young men, we measured 40-item self-report instrument. Confirmatory factor...

Objective: To examine the hypothesis that individuals from general population who report childhood abuse are at increased risk of developing positive psychotic symptoms. Method: Data were derived a sample 4045 subjects aged 18–64 years. First ever onset symptoms 2‐year follow‐up assessed using Composite International Diagnostic Interview and additional clinical interviews if necessary. Childhood was baseline. Results: Baseline reported predicted development associated with need for care...

Objective: General population longitudinal cohort studies have demonstrated the prognostic validity of self‐reported psychotic experiences, but data on reliability and cross‐validation with interview‐based measures these experiences are sparse. This study tested Community Assessment Psychic Experiences (CAPE42). Method: At baseline, CAPE42 was used to measure subclinical psychosis phenotype in a general sample ( n = 765). follow‐up (mean interval: 7.7 months), Structured Interview for...

Background In the UK and The Netherlands, people with high rates of psychosis are chronically exposed to discrimination. Aims To test whether perceived discrimination is associated longitudinally onset psychosis. Method A 3-year prospective study cohorts no history differential reported on basis age, gender, disability, appearance, skin colour or ethnicity sexual orientation was conducted in Dutch general population ( n =4076). main outcome psychotic symptoms (delusions hallucinations)....

Summary Optimism was causally related to lower pain intensity during a cold pressor task. Situational catastrophizing seemed mediate this relationship. Previous studies have demonstrated relation between dispositional optimism and sensitivity, but the causal status of link remains unclear. This study sought test by experimentally inducing temporary optimistic state means writing about visualizing future best possible self. In addition, we explored expectations (situational) as underlying...

Abstract Background Previous studies demonstrated that task-specific stress appraisals as well the more general belief is (mal)adaptive (i.e., mindset) can affect response. Little known about influence of and mindset on pain perception. The current study investigated whether and/or moderates impact Method Sixty participants performed a stress-inducing speech preparation task followed by cold pressor test (CPT) to induce pain. Threat appraisal was measured with questionnaire. Stress...

The present study compared the effects of a one week best possible self intervention and gratitude on life satisfaction optimism.We hypothesized that both interventions would lead to similar increases in satisfaction, but only increase optimism.The results partly confirmed hypotheses: led increased optimism immediately after period, which further completion intervention.However, was also more effective increasing than intervention.Whereas significantly different from control intervention,...

It has repeatedly been shown that dispositional optimism, a generalized positive outcome expectancy, is associated with greater physical and psychological well-being. Coping proposed to mediate this purportedly causal relationship. From an expectancy-value perspective on motivation, optimists' confidence leads them tenaciously pursue goals. However, the ability flexibly adjust goals might serve deal adversity particularly well. This study investigated motivational coping (tenacious goal...

It is unknown to what degree dimensions of schizotypy (subclinical psychosis) show independent, family-specific variation in the general population. Psychologists administered Community Assessment Psychic Experiences, Structured Interview for Schizotypy-Revised (SIS-R), and Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale 257 subjects pertaining 82 population families. All 3 instruments showed positive negative subclinical psychosis with between-families proportions total variance between 10% 40%. However,...

Not all individuals with experience of psychosis develop a need for care. The present study investigated differences in coping strategies and associated levels perceived control over psychotic symptoms, relation to care status. influence on was assessed 47 incident general population sample 4,722. Need severity experiences rather than distress, mean level control, or average number used. Qualitative were apparent, however, that those who resorted the strategy symptomatic (a characterized by...

Objective: To examine the hypothesis that risk for onset of psychotic disorder in individuals with self‐reported hallucinatory experiences (HE) would be higher those who developed delusional ideation (DE) than did not. Method: A population sample 4673 were interviewed Composite International Diagnostic Interview at baseline and 1 3 years later. At year 3, clinical re‐interview took place to identify disorder. Results: Given presence HEs baseline, increase having psychosis outcome was much DE...

Previous studies found evidence that dispositional optimism is related to lower pain sensitivity. Recent findings suggest temporarily increasing by means of imagining a positive future may also have pain-alleviating effects.The present experiment was designed investigate conditioned modulation (CPM) as potential underlying mechanism this effect induced optimism.For purpose, 45 healthy participants were randomized into an optimistic or neutral imagery condition. Additionally, completed...

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine whether proneness subjective cognitive failure (cognitive based mistakes) increases the risk for development symptoms psychosis and what degree any association familial. Methods: At baseline, Cognitive Failure Questionnaire (CFQ) Community Assessment Psychic Experiences (CAPE) questionnaire were administered in a general population sample genetically related individuals (n = 755). Individuals scoring high (>75th percentile) or average on CAPE...

Abstract Background Cognitive processes like attentional and interpretation biases have been suggested to play a vital role in the onset exacerbation of chronic pain. Research consistently supports occurrence bias (IB) pain patients healthy individuals high anxiety. Nevertheless, studies on indirect assessment IB or relation between responses are limited. The present examined association assessed anxiety, while Study 2 additionally as mediator anxiety responses. Method In 1 ( N = 125) 73),...

The best-possible-self (BPS) intervention has been shown to promote well-being, optimism, and positive affect. However, most research was conducted in Western countries, its effectiveness people from Eastern countries questioned. In this study, we examined the effect of BPS on young adults mainland China. We also investigated moderating cultural orientation, self-efficacy, trait optimism mediating state goal-related cognitions. Seventy participants were randomly assigned or control...

It was investigated whether the reported association between representations of parental rearing style and psychosis does not represent a main effect, but instead is proxy indicator true underlying risk factor early trauma.In general population sample 4045 individuals aged 18-64 years, first ever onset positive psychotic symptoms at 3-year follow-up assessed using Composite International Diagnostic Interview clinical interviews if indicated. Representations were measured with Parental...