The ability to perceive and recognise a reflected mirror image as self (mirror self-recognition, MSR) is considered hallmark of cognition across species. Although MSR has been reported in mammals birds, it not known occur any other major taxon. Potentially limiting our test for taxa that the established assay, mark test, requires animals display contingency testing self-directed behaviour. These behaviours may be difficult humans interpret taxonomically divergent animals, especially those...

In order to discuss superconductivity in orbital degenerate systems, a microscopic Hamiltonian is introduced. Based on the model, strong-coupling theory of developed within fluctuation exchange (FLEX) approximation where spin and fluctuations, spectra electron, superconducting gap function are self-consistently determined. Applying FLEX it shown that $d_{x^2-y^2}$-wave phase induced by increasing splitting energy which leads development suppression respectively. It proposed controlling...

In order to extract the information on symmetry of Cooper pair in high- T c superconductors, we study non-magnetic impurity effects density states for several pairing 2-dim. square lattice. The assumed are s-, extended s- and d-wave ones. Only when assume an anisotropic state such as a pairing, can explain experimental results nuclear spin relaxation rate observed Zn-doped YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-δ .

The two-orbital model for manganites with both noncooperative and cooperative Jahn-Teller phonons is studied at hole density x = 0.5 using Monte Carlo techniques. phase diagram obtained by varying the electron-phonon coupling t(2g)-spins exchange. insulating CE-type charge- orbital-ordered state z-axis charge stacking observed in narrow-bandwidth stabilized simulations. Its gap Delta(CO) much larger than critical temperature k(B)T(CO). Metalliclike A-type ferromagnetic states are also same...

In recent decades, novel magnetism of d- and f-electron compounds has been discussed very intensively both in experimental theoretical research fields condensed matter physics. It recognized that these material groups are the same category strongly correlated electron systems, while low-energy physics separately investigated rather different manners. One common features systems is certainly existence active orbital degree freedom, but materials, due to strong spin–orbit interaction...

The theoretical underpinnings of the mechanisms sociality, e.g. territoriality, hierarchy, and reciprocity, are based on assumptions individual recognition. While behavioural evidence suggests recognition is widespread, cues that animals use to recognise individuals established in only a handful systems. Here, we digital models demonstrate facial features visual cue used for social fish Neolamprologus pulcher. Focal were exposed images showing four different combinations familiar unfamiliar...

The main properties of realistic models for manganites are studied using analytic mean-field approximations and computational numerical methods, focusing on the two-orbital model with electrons interacting through Jahn-Teller (JT) phonons and/or Coulombic repulsions. Analyzing including both interactions by combination approximation exact diagonalization method, it is argued that spin-charge-orbital structure in insulating phase purely JT-phononic a large Hund coupling ${J}_{\mathrm{H}}$ not...

Using a relativistic linear augmented-plane-wave method, we clarify energy band structures and Fermi surfaces of recently discovered plutonium-based superconductor ${\mathrm{P}\mathrm{u}\mathrm{C}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{G}\mathrm{a}}_{5}$ the isostructural material ${\mathrm{N}\mathrm{p}\mathrm{C}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{G}\mathrm{a}}_{5}$. For ${\mathrm{P}\mathrm{u}\mathrm{C}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{G}\mathrm{a}}_{5}$, find several cylindrical sheets with large volume, similar to...

Novel ground-state spin structures in undoped and lightly doped manganites are investigated based on the orbital-degenerate double-exchange model, via mean-field numerical techniques. In manganites, a new antiferromagnetic (AFM) state, called $E$-type phase, is found adjacent parameter space to $A$-type AFM phase. Its structure agreement with recent experimental results. This insulating $E$-AFM state also competing ferromagnetic metallic phase as well. For layered diagram includes another of...

We construct a microscopic model for f-electron systems, composed of hopping, Coulomb interaction, and crystalline electric field (CEF) terms. In order to clarify the meaning one state, here $j\ensuremath{-}j$ coupling scheme is considered, since spin-orbit interaction generally large in systems. Thus, state at each site labeled by $\ensuremath{\mu},$ namely, z component total angular momentum $j.$ By paying due attention f-orbital symmetry, hopping amplitudes between states are expressed...

The key role of the orbital degree freedom to understanding magnetic properties layered ruthenates is discussed based on 3-orbital Hubbard model coupled lattice distortions, using numerical and mean-field techniques. In G-type antiferromagnetic phase Ca(2)RuO(4), recent x-ray experiments reported 0.5 holes/site in d(xy) orbital, while d(yz) d(zx) orbitals contain 1.5 holes. This unexpected t(2g) hole distribution explained by a novel ordered (OO) state, stabilized combination Coulombic...

A hydrostatic high pressure micro cell for measuring the magnetization in a commercial magnetometer is developed. Experiments at pressures up to 10 kbar and temperature range 2 K≤T≤300 K have been carried out. The sensitivity of measurements under same as ambient pressure.

In order to investigate electronic properties of recently discovered heavy fermion superconductors CeTIn 5 (T = Ir and Co), we employ the relativistic linear augmented-plane-wave (RLAPW) method clarify energy band structures Fermi surfaces those materials. The obtained bands mainly due large hybridization between Ce 4 f p states well reproduce consistent with de Haas-van Alphen experimental results. However, when attempt understand magnetism superconductivity in from microscopic viewpoint,...

The spin-charge-orbital complex structures of manganites are studied using topological concepts. key quantity is the ``winding number'' $w$ associated with Berry-phase connection an ${e}_{g}$ electron parallel transported through Jahn-Teller centers, along zigzag one-dimensional paths in antiferromagnetic environment ${t}_{2g}$ spins. From these concepts, it shown that ``bi-stripe'' and ``Wigner-crystal'' states observed experimentally have different $w$'s. Predictions for spin structure...

Spin-charge-orbital ordered structures in doped layered manganites are investigated using an orbital-degenerate double-exchange model tightly coupled to Jahn-Teller distortions. In the ferromagnetic phase, unexpected diagonal stripes at x = 1/m ( m integer) observed, as recent experiments. These induced by orbital degree of freedom, which forms a staggered pattern background. A pi shift order across is identified, analogous spin cuprates. At 1/4 and 1/3, another nonmagnetic phase with static...

In order to examine the mysterious ordered phase of NpO2 from a microscopic viewpoint, we investigate an f-electron model on fcc lattice constructed based j-j coupling scheme. First, effective with multipole interactions is derived in strong-coupling limit. Numerical analysis clearly indicates that for \Gamma_{4u} and \Gamma_{5u} moments are relevant ground state. Then, by applying mean-field theory simplified including only such interactions, conclude longitudinal triple-q octupole realized...

The electronic states in AlGaAs/GaAs/AlGaAs selectively doped double-heterojunction (SD-DH) systems or single-quantum-well have been calculated self-consistently for the case where an external gate voltage is applied perpendicularly to surface. transition from symmetrical asymmetrical distributions of electrons by field predicted. variations electron concentration with are found be good agreement experiment. shoulder structures observed dependence mobility successfully accounted and ascribed...

Theory suggests that living in large social groups with dynamic interactions often favours the evolution of enhanced cognitive abilities. Studies how animals assess their own contest ability commonly focus on a single task, and little is known about diversity or co-occurrence abilities species. We examined highly cichlid fish Julidochromis transcriptus uses four major situations; direct experience, winner/loser effects, eavesdropping transitive inference (TI). conducted experiments which...

The effect of Jahn-Teller phonons on the magnetic and orbital structure LaMnO$_3$ is investigated using a combination relaxation Monte Carlo techniques three-dimensional clusters MnO$_6$ octahedra. In physically relevant region parameter space for LaMnO$_3$, after including small corrections due to tilting effects, A-type antiferromagnetic C-type structures were stabilized, in agreement with experiments.

Spin, charge, and orbital structures in models for doped manganites are studied by a combination of analytic mean-field numerical relaxation techniques. At realistic values the electron-phonon antiferromagnetic ${t}_{2\mathrm{g}}$ spin couplings, competition between ferromagnetic (FM) phase charge-orbital ordered (COO) insulating state is found $x=1/4,$ 3/8, 1/2, as experimentally observed ${\mathrm{Pr}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Ca}}_{x}{\mathrm{MnO}}_{3}$ $x=0.3--0.5.$ The theoretical...

On the basis of d - p model, both normal and anomalous self-energies are calculated perturbatively up to third order with respect Coulomb repulsion U between -electrons at a Cu site. The superconducting transition temperature T c is obtained as function -hole numbers by solution Dyson-Gor'kov equation. In over-doped region, decreases increase total hole number δ . This experimentally behavior successfully reproduced. under-doped rapidly decrease experimentally. Such rapid change not in our...