A continuously operated single stage mixed-suspension, mixed-product-removal (MSMPR) crystallizer using intermittent withdrawal via a dip pipe with combined pressure/vacuum was successfully developed for the manufacture of active pharmaceutical ingredients. Approximately 5.8% total operating volume intermittently removed at high velocity vacuum. The transfer line also periodically purged nitrogen to ensure complete removal residual solids. In situ process analytical technologies (focused...

Connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs) are expected to significantly improve traffic efficiency safety. However, the overall impacts of CAVs on mixed have not been clearly studied because most previous research focused one subset performance traffic. This study aims provide complete information for policymakers make better decisions future CAV implementation strategies with a comprehensive evaluation With this purpose, develops an integrated framework evaluate safety under adverse weather...

Nucleation and growth kinetics of benzoic acid crystallized by cooling from 1.5:1 (w/w) water/ethanol solutions were determined using a 500 mL continuous mixed suspension, product removal (MSMPR) crystallizer mathematical model the MSMPR process. The developed solves population, moment, mass balance relationships with kinetic expressions for system is coupled nonlinear optimization routine parameter estimation. Comprehensive experimental data fitting estimation was obtained varying operating...

Abstract Overhead electrical power distribution systems (PDS) are very susceptible to extreme wind hazards. Power outages can cause catastrophic consequences, including economic losses, loss of critical services, and disruption daily life. Therefore, it is important model the resilience PDS against winds support disaster planning. While several frameworks currently exist assess subjected winds, these do not systematically consider tree-failure risk. In other words, there no integrated...

Traffic efficiency and safety in work zone are major concerns for traffic engineers, highway agencies road users. Microscopic simulation is an efficient method to study cellular automaton (CA) model one of the most widely adopted microscopic methods. Existing CA-based simulations face limitations unrealistic deceleration behaviors. Firstly, improved CA heterogeneous flow proposed based on two-lane driving (SD) model. Secondly, superiority methodology demonstrated through comparison behaviors...

Posthazard traffic networks are often disrupted, not only because of direct impacts on transportation infrastructure but also indirect originating from the interdependent nature systems and environments. These include roads blocked by debris adjacent buildings, accidents, or fallen trees light poles. For all these scenarios with partially bridges following extreme events, capacity travel time very different what they intact road infrastructures and, therefore, become hard to predict. A new...

A typical highway system includes infrastructures, such as roadways and bridges, moving traffic flow. The resilience of a subjected to various hazards depends on not only post-hazard integrity infrastructure, but also safe smooth movements vehicles through the during immediately following hazards. To rationally predict performance including both structural functionality, an advanced flow simulation tool under hazardous conditions is needed. new cellular automaton (CA)-based framework...

The solubility of benzoic acid and acetylsalicylic is reported in varied pure solvents over a range 275.39–327.03 K 275.12–327.91 for aspirin, respectively, using the polythermal method with heating rate 0.1 K/min that was combined Lasentec focused beam reflective measurement to determine saturation point solutions. results were correlated modified van't Hoff equation fitted 2 interval temperature 278.15–323.15 K. from fitting good agreement experimental data.

Green stormwater infrastructure (GSI) is increasingly used to reduce input the subsurface network. This work investigated how GSI interacts with surface runoff and structures affect spatial extent distribution of roadway flooding subsequent effects on performance traffic system using a dual-drainage model. The model simulated PCSWMM (Personal Computer Stormwater Management Model) in Harvard Gulch, Denver, Colorado, was then microscopic simulation Simulation Urban Mobility Model (SUMO). We...

The knowledge of crystallization kinetics, especially crystal nucleation, is crucial for process design and control. In the present paper, primary nucleation kinetics benzoic acid in water–ethanol solution was estimated from induction time measurements, where focused beam reflectance measurement utilized to detect onset point nucleation. As a result, times have been found decrease with increasing mass fraction water under same supersaturation. These data were then used determine interfacial...

The solubility data of adefovir dipivoxil in five different binary mixed solvents formed by isopropyl ether with ethanol, 2-propanol, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and acetone at 298.15 K were measured the mole fraction ranging from 0.000 to 1.000. A laser monitoring observation technique was used determine dissolution solid phase a + liquid mixture. correlated function solvent fractions combined nearly ideal (NIBS)/Redlich–Kister equation.

Simple-made-continuous (SMC) multispan concrete bridges are popular in low-to-moderate seismic regions, and sometimes horizontally curved and/or skewed configurations needed to accommodate complex terrain. Typical SMC can adopt different connections between the intermediate bent cap continuous superstructure (bent connection). Compared their straight counterparts, exhibit more performance, making design choice of using critical regions. Nonlinear time-history analyses structural analysis...

The present article proposes a novel framework for analyzing the dynamic responses of suspended monorail vehicles running over curved bridges under crosswinds. In this model, bridge model is established with finite element method and are simulated as multibody system. Subsequently, wind proposed tunnel test, spectral representation method, yaw wind-decomposition taking into account effects angle between vehicle changes when pass through bridge. Finally, analyzed to demonstrate effect on...

The solubility of indinavir sulfate in ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, and 2-methyl-1-propanol was measured over the temperature range (278.35 to 314.15) K under atmospheric pressure. experimental data were correlated by modified Apelblat model. results show that selected solvents increased with increasing temperature.

The solubilities of pravastatin sodium in water, methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol, 1-propanol, and 1-butanol from (278 to 333) K were measured. A laser monitoring observation technique was used determine the dissolution solid phase + liquid mixture. experimental data correlated with a semiempirical equation. six solvents decrease following order: water > methanol ethanol 1-propanol 2-propanol.

Wind effects on long-span bridges and moving vehicles have drawn considerable attention during the past years. Effectively considering dynamic interactions between wind, rationally assessing bridge performance becomes essential to this type of critical infrastructure system. The impact strong winds transportation systems has received a lot decades. Meanwhile, low moderate may serve as important service load acting system, along with other extreme or hazardous loads. In addition structural...