There are many places on the earth, where natural background radiation exposures elevated significantly above about 2.5 mSv/year. The studies of health effects populations living in such crucially important for understanding impact low doses ionizing radiation. This article critically reviews some recent representative literature that addresses likelihood radiation-induced cancer and early childhood death regions with high comparative Bayesian analysis published data shows linear...

Abstract Commonly used materials for protection against ionizing radiation (gamma and X-ray energy range) primarily rely on high-density materials, like lead, steel, or tungsten. However, these are heavy often impractical various applications, especially where weight is a key parameter, in avionics space technology. Here, we study the shielding properties of an alternative light material—a graphene-based composite with relatively low density ~ 1 g/cm 3 . We demonstrate that linear...

The priming dose effect, called also the Raper-Yonezawa effect or simply Yonezawa is a special case of radiation adaptive response phenomenon (radioadaptation), which refers to: (a) faster repair direct DNA lesions (damage), and (b) mutation frequency reduction after irradiation, by applying small (conditioning) prior to high detrimental (challenging) one. This observed in many (but not all) radiobiological experiments present lesion, even mortality irradiated cells species. Additionally,...

The linear no-threshold (LNT) dose-effect relationship has been consistently used by most radiation epidemiologists to estimate cancer mortality risk. large scattering of data International Agency for Research on Cancer, IARC ( Vrijheid et al. 2007 ; Therry-Chef Cardis ), interpreted in accordance with LNT, previously demonstrated Fornalski and Dobrzyński 2009 ). Using conventional Bayesian methods the present paper demonstrates that standard ratios (SMRs), lower cohort exposed nuclear...

The influence of ionizing radiation (222)Rn and its progeny on lung cancer risks that were published in 28 papers was re-analyzed using seven alternative dose-response models. incidence mortality studied two ranges low annual dose: 0-70 mSv per year (391 Bq m(-3)) 0-150 (838 m(-3)). Assumption-free Bayesian statistical methods used. analytical results demonstrate the data do not show dose is associated with increased risk this range doses. This conclusion based observation model assuming no...

The general review of cross section formulas for the photoelectric effect, Compton scattering, pair and triplet production is presented in intermediate high photon energy spectrum carbon (Z = 6). Using classical Gaussian regression method, empirical correction functions theoretical are calculated based on existing experimental data. simple can be used to calculate sections four main radiation effects with a good accuracy. proposed enough practical calculations excel spreadsheet e.g....

Specifying the role of genetic mutations in cancer development is crucial for effective screening or targeted treatments people with hereditary predispositions. Our goal here to find relationship between a number cancerogenic and probability induction over lifetime patients. We believe that Avrami-Dobrzyński biophysical model can be used describe this mechanism. Therefore, clinical data from breast ovarian patients were validate induction, which based on purely physical concept...

Abstract The radiation adaptive response (or radioadaptation) effect is a biophysical and radiobiological phenomenon responsible for, e.g. the enhancement of repair processes, cell cycle apoptosis regulation or antioxidant production in cells/organisms irradiated by low doses dose-rates ionising radiation. This phenomenon, however, not always present, which creates many problems both for experimenters theoreticians. Here we propose comprehensive complete theoretical model radioadaptation...

The cancer mortality ratios (CMRs) in Poland high and low level radiation areas were analyzed based on information from national registry. Presented ecological study concerned six regions, extending the largest administration (a group of voivodeships), to smallest regions (single counties). data show that relative risk deaths is lower higher areas. decrease by 1.17%/mSv/year (p = 0.02) all 0.82%/mSv/year 0.2) lung cancers only are observed.Tribute Prof. Zbigniew Jaworowski (1927-2011).

We report here on various biophysical aspects of irradiated cells, beginning with a phenomenological description radiation-induced cancer cells. This includes detrimental factors such as chromosomal aberrations, well beneficial factors, adaptive response. Also discussed is the dose- and time-dependent evolution cells using purely mathematical approach. The general dose-response shape, which sigmoidal, shown to be modified by mechanisms response or bystander effect. many sigmoid function,...

Three statistical methods: Bayesian, randomized data binning and Maximum Entropy Method (MEM) are described applied in the analysis of US radon taken from registry. Two confounding factors—elevation inhabited dwellings, UVB (ultra-violet B) radiation exposure—were considered to be most correlated with frequency lung cancer occurrence. MEM was found particularly useful extracting meaningful results epidemiology containing such factors. In model testing, proved more effective than...

This article focuses on the analytic modeling of responses cells in body to ionizing radiation. The related mechanisms are consecutively taken into account and discussed. A model dose- time-dependent adaptive response is considered for 2 exposure categories: acute protracted. In case latter exposure, we demonstrate that plateaus expected under modelling assumptions made. total number cancer as a function time turns out be perfectly described by Gompertz function. transition from collection...

A stochastic model based on the Markov Chain Monte Carlo process is used to describe responses ionizing radiation in a group of cells. The results show that where multiple relationships linearly depending dose are introduced, overall reaction shows threshold, and, generally, non-linear response. Such phenomena have been observed and reported number papers. present permits inclusion adaptive bystander effects can lead hormetic effects. In addition, allows for incorporating various...

The so-called Bayesian reasoning is applied whenever uncertainty has to be considered as serious factor in interpretation of results.The paper presents analysis the impact inaccurate data on straight line and quadratic relation fittings.This type particularly important when one tries decide dependence.The also shows examples Maximum Entropy Methods reconstruction hyperfine parameters distribution from measured Mössbauer spectra GaFeO 3 electron-positron momentum positron annihilation Gd.

In this paper a full description of the mechanistic model cells irradiation is presented. The based on computational Quasi–Markov Chain Monte Carlo method with stochastic tree probabilities and using biophysical input. biophysics described by probability distributions provided as an Many aspects are implemented into model, i.e. adaptive response effect or bystander effect. It results in sigmoidal relationships for carcinogenic risk function irradiation. methodology used makes universal...

The paper introduces a mathematical algorithm of curve-to-data best fit with robust Bayesian approach. Using Gaussian distribution as background, one can find an outlier-resistant dedicated probability distribution. With the use computational iterative method it then be applied to experimental data points, including vertical and horizontal asymmetric uncertainties. presented was tested for constant fitting (so called constant), linear regression well parabolic number outliers. Practical...

Abstract The nucleation and growth theory, described by the Avrami equation (also called Johnson–Mehl–Avrami–Kolmogorov equation), usually used to describe crystallization processes in condensed matter physics, was applied present paper cancer physics. This can enhance popular multi-hit model of carcinogenesis volumetric single cell’s DNA neoplastic transformation. presented approach assumes transforming system as a chain including many oncogenic mutations. Finally, probability function...