This paper examines microsocial contexts of violent and nonviolent dispute‐related incidents involving gang members. Data consist reports field observations twelve black eight white youth street gangs in Chicago between 1959 1962. Dispute‐related (N = 2,637) were classified according to three primary pretexts: normative or order violations, identity attacks retaliation. Findings show that disputes associated with each these generally unfolded consistently expectations based on the extent...

Multilevel cross-sectional data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health were used to test predictions based on Osgood and colleagues' extension routine activity theory individual offending. Specifically, authors examined associations between delinquent behavior three variables hypothesized increase exposure situations conducive such behavior: unstructured socializing (time use), income, private transportation. Findings are generally supportive, showing that differences in...

Data from Short and Strodtbeck's ( ) study of gangs in Chicago, 1959–1962, are used to examine the association between intragang friendship networks violent delinquent behaviors among 248 boys 11 different (9 Black 2 White). Contrary expectations tightly connected being most dangerous, estimates multilevel overdispersed Poisson regression models showed significantly increased mean levels violence with relatively low group cohesion. No relationship was observed delinquency gang cohesiveness,...

Abstract We examined cross‐national variation in the gender differential offending, which is often referred to as gap crime. Analyses were directed toward two empirical questions: 1) Is narrower less patriarchal sociocultural settings, and if so, 2) this outcome a result of higher levels offending on part girls, lower boys, or some combination thereof? To address these questions, we compiled multilevel, data set combining information self‐reported from second International Self Report...

Beginning with Colorado and Washington State in 2012, longstanding bans on the sale, possession, use of marijuana for recreational purposes have been overturned nine states nation's capital. Consistent logic routine activity theory broken windows theory, critics legalized argue that dispensaries are magnets crime, attracting criminal offenders to area large sums cash valuable goods. The current study addresses this possibility by examining effects both medical yearly crime rates N = 3981...

Using a random sample of 1185 Ukrainian adults, the study examines influence exposure to Donbas war, relative factors such as alcohol use, daily stressors, and negative emotions, on involvement in intimate partner violence (IPV) among men women. The findings indicate that abuse consistently predict IPV for both genders, with stressors affect demonstrating particularly strong effects IPV. Conversely, war does not have direct relationship However, indirect condition abuse, or These results...

This article reviews the major methods that have been used to study youth gangs and discusses consequences of their use for what is known about topic. Despite development a substantial scholarly literature, understanding gang phenomena limited by critical disconnects between quantitative qualitative research traditions. It argued integration these traditions will result in more comprehensive accounting causes gangs, membership, behavior.

Guided by an environmental justice perspective of public policy, this study combines child sex offender registry information with US Census and geospatial data to examine the extent which differences in physical structure Chicago neighborhoods (N = 872) affect efficacy fairness city's residence restrictions. Findings from mapping regression analyses show that, because neighborhood size spatial distribution prohibited sites (i.e., parks, schools, daycares), Chicago's 500‐foot rule restricts...

Although a wealth of research has substantiated the relationship between self-control and offending independent an array theoretically relevant covariates, little is known about contextual variability this relationship. Our study contributes to literature by assessing neighborhood in explanatory effect on individual two Eastern European cities: Lviv, Ukraine Nizhni Novgorod, Russia. Using data elicited from interviews with 1,431 respondents across 41 neighborhoods, we examine extent which...

This article presents a cross‐national test of Messner and Rosenfeld's (1994) institutional anomie theory. Drawing on multiple data sources, including the United Nations, World Bank, Values Survey, Heritage Foundation, we examine relationships between economic dominance, indicators culture, homicide among sample 50 nations. Additionally, assess thesis “American exceptionalism,” unique cultural complex implicated by Rosenfeld as cause high rates serious crime in States. Results from OLS...

Community notification laws have been passed by the federal government and legislature of every state. At very least, these require local law enforcement officials to publicize personal residential information known sex offenders. Although researchers other social commentators begun assess effects community on targeted offenders criminal justice practices practitioners, potential consequences policy for different types communities received only scant attention. Using offender registry US...

Objectives: This study extends theoretical arguments from situational action theory (SAT) by focusing on the enduring effects of neighborhood context individual criminal involvement and presents first direct multilevel assessment SAT in non-Western contexts using data. Methods: Survey data a random sample 1,435 adults 41 neighborhoods Russia Ukraine are used to assess interplay between propensity moral deterrent qualities environments their offending. Results: The results demonstrate that...

Our study juxtaposes egoistic and altruistic motivations as explanations of criminal behavior. Self-control, reward/cost considerations, moral values are investigated possible mediating conditional influences on the relationship between these crime. To do so, we utilize self-report data from a random sample 1435 Ukrainian Russian respondents. Findings confirm orientation/self-interest offending, with altruism self-interest being significantly mediated by perceived rewards costs beliefs,...

Our study juxtaposes egoistic and altruistic motivations as explanations of criminal behavior. Self-control, reward/cost considerations, moral values are investigated possible mediating conditional influences on the relationship between these crime. To do so, we utilize self-report data from a random sample 1435 Ukrainian Russian respondents. Findings confirm orientation/self-interest offending, with altruism self-interest being significantly mediated by perceived rewards costs beliefs,...

This study examines the functionality and propagation patterns of computer viruses, worms, Trojan horses detected during a 12-month period beginning on January 1, 2004. Using data obtained from threat reports prepared by major vendor security products, authors find that these unique forms cybercrime warrant general concern but their overall to corporate, government, end users thus far has been exaggerated. The conclude greater attention must be paid role user in spread viruses other...

There are strong reasons to assume that early onset of puberty accelerates coital debut among adolescent girls. Although many studies support this assumption, evidence regarding the putative causal processes is limited and inconclusive. In research, longitudinal data from 1986 Northern Finland Birth Cohort Study ( N = 2,596) were used address three theoretical explanations: (a) a direct effect premised on biological processes, (b) mediated path based social psychological (c) spurious derived...

Contemporary theories suggest that, due to limited access and generalized distrust, residents of disadvantaged neighborhoods are relatively unlikely report matters police. Although existing studies reveal few ecological differences in crime reporting, findings may be victim/offense subsets represented aggregated victimization data. Using calls-for-service (CFS) data from a Pacific Northwest city, this study assesses the degree which neighborhood block groups ( N = 164) vary incidents...

Prior research has established a strong link between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and criminal behaviour. Drawing on two key theories of life-course criminology — Moffitt’s (1993) dual taxonomy Sampson Laub’s age-graded theory informal social control the purpose present study was to examine aetiology this association. Consistent with theory, we found effect ADHD crime be substantial moderated by cognitive deficits (low verbal ability). Adolescent bonds variables derived...

Data from the 1986 N orthern F inland B irth C ohort S tudy ( n = 4,645) were used to examine influence of mid‐adolescent (age 15) school outcomes on late‐adolescent (ages 17–19) risk criminal conviction. Consistent with social‐developmental theories offending, we found that poor academic performance and reduced attachment increase conviction independently pre‐existing differences in antisocial propensity other confounding factors identified prior research. Moreover, support an integrated...

AbstractReintegrative shaming theory (RST) argues that social aggregates characterized by high levels of communitarianism and nonstigmatizing practices benefit from relatively low crime. We combine aggregate measures the World Values Survey with available macro-level data to test this hypothesis. Additionally, we examine extent which mediate effects cultural structural factors featured prominently in other theoretical frameworks (e.g., inequality, modernity, sex ratio, etc.). Findings...

Abstract This study uses survey data from multi-stage stratified random samples of adults two large Ukrainian cities to examine and specify associations between war exposure the likelihood committing violent acts against another person. Findings regression models reveal that both direct vicarious predict projected interpersonal violence by civilians, mediation analyses show daily strains and, in some instances, negative affect serve as links relationship behaviour. Daily also emerge a...