A5081471798- Marine and coastal ecosystems
- Digital Holography and Microscopy
- Cryospheric studies and observations
- Ocean Acidification Effects and Responses
- Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research
- Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes
- Geological and Geophysical Studies
- CO2 Sequestration and Geologic Interactions
- Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Advanced Optical Imaging Technologies
- Polar Research and Ecology
- Geological formations and processes
- Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
- Climate change and permafrost
- Microbial Community Ecology and Physiology
- Underwater Acoustics Research
- Winter Sports Injuries and Performance
- Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics
- Image Processing Techniques and Applications
- Aerospace Engineering and Energy Systems
- Microfluidic and Bio-sensing Technologies
- Planetary Science and Exploration
- Maritime Navigation and Safety
- Radioactivity and Radon Measurements
National Oceanography Centre
2008-2024
University of Southampton
2000-2022
Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is a key technology to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from industrial processes in feasible, substantial, timely manner. For geological CO2 be safe, reliable, accepted by society, robust strategies for leakage detection, quantification management are crucial. The STEMM-CCS (Strategies Environmental Monitoring of Marine Capture Storage) project aimed provide techniques understanding enable inform cost-effective monitoring CCS sites the marine...
The cavities beneath Antarctic ice shelves are among the least studied regions of World Ocean, yet they sites globally important water mass transformations. Here we report results from a mission Fimbul Ice Shelf an autonomous underwater vehicle. data reveal spatially complex oceanographic environment, base with widely varying roughness, and cavity periodically exposed to temperature significantly above surface freezing point. this, briefest glimpses conditions in this extraordinary already...
Microfluidic reagent-based nutrient sensors offer a promising technology to address the global undersampling of ocean chemistry but have so far not been shown operate in deep sea (>200 m). We report new family miniaturized lab-on-chip (LOC) colorimetric analyzers making situ nitrate and phosphate measurements from surface (>4800 This gives users low-cost, high-performance tool for measuring hyperbaric environments. Using combination laboratory verification field-based tests, we demonstrate...
The ocean's biological carbon pump plays a central role in regulating atmospheric CO2 levels. In particular, the depth at which sinking organic is broken down and respired mesopelagic zone critical, with deeper remineralisation resulting greater storage. Until recently, however, balanced budget of supply consumption had not been constructed any region ocean, processes controlling turnover are still poorly understood. Large-scale data syntheses suggest that wide range factors can influence...
Optical holography provides non-intrusive, non-destructive recording of living, motile organisms and particles in their natural environment. High-resolution, three-dimensionality `optical sectioning' the image allow identification species enumeration size, orientation spatial distribution. We have developed a submersible holographic camera to simultaneously expose in-line and, uniquely, off-axis holograms record from few micrometres upwards (in-line), concentrations down tens per cubic metre...
Carbon capture and storage is a key mitigation strategy proposed for keeping the global temperature rise below 1.5 °C. Offshore can provide up to 13% of CO2 reduction required achieve Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change goals. The public must be assured that potential leakages from reservoirs detected therefore safely contained. We conducted controlled release 675 kg within sediments at 120 m water depth, simulate leak test novel detection, quantification attribution approaches. show...
The biological carbon pump, driven principally by the surface production of sinking organic matter and its subsequent remineralization to dioxide (CO2) in deep ocean, maintains atmospheric CO2 concentrations around 200 ppm lower than they would be if ocean were abiotic. One important driver magnitude this effect is depth which sinks before it remineralised, a parameter we have limited confidence measuring given difficulty involved balancing sources ocean's interior. solution imbalance might...
Abstract The Southern Ocean, a region highly vulnerable to climate change, plays vital role in regulating global nutrient cycles and atmospheric CO 2 via the biological carbon pump. Diatoms, photosynthetically active plankton with dense opal skeletons, are key this process as their exoskeletons thought enhance transfer of particulate organic depth, positioning them major vectors storage. Yet conflicting observations obscure mechanistic link between diatoms, fluxes, especially twilight zone...
To inform cost-effective monitoring of offshore geological storage carbon dioxide (CO2), a unique field experiment, designed to simulate leakage CO2 from sub-seafloor reservoir, was carried out in the central North Sea. A total 675 kg were released into shallow sediments (∼3 m below seafloor) for 11 days at flow rates between 6 and 143 d-1. set natural, inherent tracers (13C, 18O) injected added, non-toxic tracer gases (octafluoropropane, sulfur hexafluoride, krypton, methane) used test...
It is 4 years since the subglacial lake community published its plans for accessing, sampling, measuring and studying pristine, hitherto enigmatic very different, Antarctic lakes, Vostok, Whillans Ellsworth. This paper summarizes contrasting probe technologies designed each of these environments briefly updates how designs changed or were used differently when compared to previously plans. A detailed update on final engineering design technical aspects Subglacial Lake Ellsworth presented....
According to many prognostic scenarios by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), a scaling-up of carbon dioxide (CO2) capture and storage (CCS) several orders-of-magnitude is necessary meet target ≤2 °C global warming 2100 relative preindustrial levels. Since large fraction predicted CO2 capacity lies offshore, there pressing need develop field-tested methods detect quantify potential leaks in marine environment. Here, we combine field measurements with numerical models...
The HoloCam system is a major component of multi-national multi- discipline project known as HoloMar (funded by the European Commission under MAST III initiative). concerned with development pulsed laser holography to analyse and monitor populations living organisms inanimate particles within world's oceans. We describe here development, construction evaluation prototype underwater camera, purpose which record marine particles, in-situ. Recording using provides several advantages over...
We report here details of the design, development, initial testing and field-deployment HOLOMAR system for in-situ subsea holography analysis marine plankton nonliving particles. comprises a submersible holographic camera ("HoloCam") able to record in-line off-axis holograms at depths down 100 m, together with specialised reconstruction hardware ("HoloScan") linked custom image processing classification software. The HoloCam consists laser power supply, recording optics plate holders,...
Diatoms, a ubiquitous group of phytoplankton, account for approximately 40% particulate organic carbon (POC) exported via the ocean biological pump, which modulates atmospheric CO2. Diatoms are represented in global biogeochemical models as effective vectors sinking POC, with their large size and dense skeletons made biogenic Silica (BSi) thought to allow rapid transfer interior. However, we observe this not be case across parts Southern Ocean mesopelagic zone. Here present direct flux...
Abstract The Controls Over Mesopelagic Interior Carbon Storage (COMICS) cruise DY086 took place aboard the RRS Discovery in South Atlantic during November and December, 2017. Physical, chemical, biogeochemical biological data were collected three visits to ocean observatory station P3, off coast of Georgia, an austral spring bloom. A diverse range equipment including CTD-rosette, Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP), net deployments, marine snow catchers (MSCs), Stand Alone Pump System...
This illumination system is one component of a holographic camera, which part multi-disciplinary, multi-national project (funded by the European Commission MAST III initiative) to use holography for in situ recording and subsequent analysis holograms marine organisms particles. Laboratory experiments have shown that best results off-axis are obtained using side illumination. Our design goal has been provide even throughout volume. system, lightrod, based on cylinder made from transparent...
Abstract Recent interest in Antarctic subglacial lakes has seen the development of bespoke systems for sampling them. These are considered pristine environments potentially harboring undisturbed sedimentary sequences and ecosystems adapted to these cold oligotrophic absence sunlight. The water/sediment interface is a prime location detection microbial life so particular interest. This article describes small corer capture retain short core that includes specifically address question whether...