The interplay of personality and social relationships is as fascinating it complex pertains to a wide array largely separate research domains. Here, we present an integrative unified framework for analysing the dynamics (PERSOC). Basic principles general processes on individual dyadic level are outlined show how influence each other develop over time. PERSOC stresses importance behaviours interpersonal perceptions mediating organized in interaction units. can be applied diverse such first...

Personality traits are powerful predictors of outcomes in the domains education, work, relationships, health, and well-being. The recognized importance personality has raised questions about their policy relevance, that is, potential to inform actions designed improve human welfare. Traditionally, use applied settings been predicated on ability predict valued outcomes, typically under assumption functionally unchanging. This assumption, however, is both untrue a limiting factor using more...

Personality traits continue to change throughout the lifespan. However, we still know little about when, why, and how personality change. In this paper, review current state of scientific evidence regarding nature, sources, processes trait stability We revisit past disputes over relative importance genetic environmental influences, discuss studies on life events development, summarize theory research processes. doing so, derive general principles highlight limitations research, present broad...

Previous studies on self-esteem development show substantial changes as well interindividual differences in change from adolescence to young adulthood. However, the processes underlying these developmental trajectories are still not understood. The aim of present study was shed light macro- and microprocesses development. We investigated a sample 876 German high school students (M = 16.0 years at Time 1) participating an international exchange year. Exchange provided 3 waves trait data...

The importance of personality for predicting life outcomes in the domains love, work, and health is well established, as evidence that traits, while relatively stable, can change. However, little known about sources processes drive changes traits how such might impact important outcomes. In this paper, we make case research paradigms methodological approaches commonly used psychology need to be revised advance our understanding We propose Longitudinal Experience–Wide Association Studies a...

Empirical evidence over the past 20 years has documented that key aspects of personality traits change during adulthood. However, it is essentially an open question whether and how at very end life what role health, cognitive performance, perceived control, social factors play in those changes. To examine these questions, we applied growth models to 13-year longitudinal data obtained from now-deceased participants Berlin Aging Study (N = 463; age baseline M 85.9 years, SD 8.4; 51% men)....

There is now compelling evidence that people’s typical patterns of thinking, feeling, striving, and behaving are both consistent malleable. Therefore, researchers have begun to examine the distinct sources personality stability change. In this article, we discuss traditional classifications sources, review key findings, highlight limitations open questions in research on We conclude by describing an integrative model outlining important directions for future research.

The cumulative continuity principle of personality proposes a steady increase in Big Five trait stability across the adult life span. However, empirical support for this theoretical notion is still limited. Furthermore, classical approach using retest correlations might not be fully capable illustrating full picture (Hertzog & Nesselroade, 1987). Recent methodological and advancements suggest that individual differences reflect both absolutely stable trait-like factors partly changing...

Decades of research show that people's social lives are linked to their well-being. Yet, on the relationship between interactions and well-being has been largely inconclusive with regard effects person-situation interactions, such as interplay contextual factors (e.g., occurring in physical vs. digital contexts, different interaction partners) dispositional tendencies Big Five personality traits). Here, we report exploratory confirmatory findings from three large studies college students...

Not much is known about how social network characteristics change in the transition out of school and what role Big Five personality plays this context. The aim paper was twofold. First, we explored changes relationship across secondary school. Second, examined within–person between–person effects on these changes. Results based a series multilevel models to longitudinal sample 2287 young adults revealed four main findings. networks increased size, increase mainly due larger number nonkin....

Perceived control is a key component of successful aging and may serve as protective factor against age-related declines in central domains functioning. However, it largely open question whether how perceived changes from midadulthood to very old age such change shaped by health social contexts. To examine these questions, we apply growth models up 15-year 4-wave longitudinal data the German Ageing Survey (DEAS; N = 10,081; aged 40-85 years at baseline; 49% women). Results revealed that...

The school environment is one key developmental context that assumed to shape individual characteristics during adolescence. However, little known about which experiences are central personality change or whether and co-shape each other over time. We address this gap by examining the longitudinal interplay between seven in three domains of achievement, social relationships, well-being, Big Five traits at four measurement points from fifth eighth grade. By using data German TRAIN study ( N =...

Society and developmental theory generally assume that there are wide generational differences in personality. Yet evidence showing historical change the levels of adult Big Five traits is scarce particularly so for change. We tracked trajectories personality 4,732 participants (age: M = 52.93 years, SD 16.69; 53% female) from Seattle Longitudinal Study (born 1883–1976) across 50 years. Multilevel models revealed personality: At age 56, later-born cohorts exhibited lower maturity-related...

Conceptual and empirical work has long suggested that personality health are closely intertwined later in life. Little is known, however, about the nature direction of time-ordered associations between 2 domains within-persons. We applied continuous time auto- cross-effects models to up 6 waves 13-year longitudinal data from Berlin Aging Study (N = 516, M 84.92, SD 8.66, age range 70 103) examined relations traits (i.e., extraversion neuroticism) performance-based indicators functional...

Growing research on personality–relationship dynamics demonstrates that people's personality and their (enjoyment of) social relationships are closely intertwined. Using experience sampling data from 136 adults (aged 18–89 years) who reported more than 50 000 interactions, we zoom into everyday real–world interactions to examine how Big Five traits context characteristics shape happiness in encounters across the adult lifespan. Results revealed were (vs. task–oriented) with close less close)...

This study examined the associations between classmates’ reading‐related gender stereotypes and students’ reading self‐efficacy, self‐concept, motivation, achievement. Our sample consisted of 1,508 fifth‐grade students (49% girls; age: 10.89 years); data were collected at two time points. Multilevel analyses yielded main results: First, there was a relation individual their motivation with boys experiencing negative girls positive effects. Second, contextual effect found: after controlling...

The STARTS (Stable Trait, AutoRegressive and State) model decomposes individual differences in psychological measurement across time into 3 sources of variation: a time-invariant stable component, time-varying autoregressive an occasion-specific state component. Previous simulation research applications the have shown that serious estimation problems such as nonconvergence or inadmissible estimates (e.g., negative variances) frequently occur for parameters. This article introduces general...

Subjective well-being is often characterized by average stability across old age, but individual differences are substantial and not yet fully understood. This study targets physical cognitive health personality as difference characteristics examines their unique interactive roles for level change in a number of different facets subjective well-being. We make use medical diagnoses, performance-based indicators (grip strength) functioning (Digit Symbol), extraversion neuroticism apply...

Personality traits are powerful predictors of outcomes in the domains education, work, relationships, health, and well-being. The recognized importance personality has raised questions about their policy relevance – that is, potential to inform actions designed improve human welfare. Traditionally, use applied settings been predicated on ability predict valued outcomes, typically under assumption functionally unchanging. This assumption, however, is both untrue a limiting factor using more...

Little is known about the socio-emotional consequences of dropping out college. Here, we investigate effects college non-completion on a range markers for general psychological well-being (self-esteem, life satisfaction, and fear failure) as well health-related (self-rated health clinical depressive symptoms). Based rich panel data from Germany in combination with entropy balancing, find that by around age 31, non-completers fared worse compared to graduates non-college goers, i.e. students...

<title>Abstract</title> Past research showed that personality traits develop less strongly after younger adulthood, though the underlying processes remain poorly understood, and intervention studies scarcely investigated age differences. Also, existing findings are mostly limited to explicit assessments of (i.e., questionnaires). In this preregistered, multi-method study, we examined associations between changes in states implicit trait self-concepts older adults (<italic>N</italic> = 165,...

States refer to our momentary thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. Average states (aggregates across multiple time points) are discussed as a more accurate objective measure of personality compared global self-reports since they do not only rely on people's general beliefs about themselves. Specifically, Finnigan Vazire (2018) argued that, if average better capture what person is actually like, this should be reflected in their unique association with informant-reports personality, tested idea...