Over the recent era, Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) has attracted much attention among industrialists and researchers owing to its contribution numerous applications including military, environmental monitoring so on. However, reducing network delay improving lifetime are always big issues in domain of WSN. To resolve these downsides, we propose an Energy-Efficient Scheduling using Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) (E2S-DRL) algorithm E2S-DRL contributes three phases prolong reduce that is:...

Many agricultural fields are no longer sustainable due to inadequate replenishment of soil nutrients through organic and inorganic inputs, particularly in smallholder farming systems. As a result, achieving potential crop yields these systems has proven be difficult. Field trials were conducted two long rainy growing seasons 2021 2023 assess the effects urea fertilizer cattle manure as sources nitrogen (N) on (i) maize (ii) chemical properties at sites (Kwa Sadala Mungushi) located Hai...

Abstract Textile wastewater from wet processing units is a major environmental problem. Most chemicals, including dyes, are only partly consumed, resulting in highly colored containing variety of chemicals released into the environment. This paper gives information on current management textile Tanzania. A semiquantitative analysis was done to identify main types used units, characteristics and existing treatment methods industry. The performance evaluation plants also discussed. advantages...

Abstract In this work, Ag–ZnO nanocomposites were prepared by a green synthesis route using aqueous leaf extract of Tetradenia riperia and investigated for antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli Staphylococcus aureus. To optimize the Ag–ZnO, effects precursor concentrations, pH, temperatures studied. The characterized XRD, ATR-FTIR, FESEM, TEM. Results show that concentration 8% Ag, temperature 80 °C, pH 7–8 optimal nanocomposites. XRD analysis showed decrease in particle size from...

This study aimed at investigating the effect of thickness glazing material on performance flat plate solar collectors. Performance collector is affected by glaze transmittance, absorptance, and reflectance which results into major heat losses in system. Four models with different glass thicknesses were designed, constructed, experimentally tested for their performances. Collectors both oriented to northsouth direction tilted an angle 10° ground toward north direction. The area each model was...

Metallic iron (Fe0)-based filtration systems have the potential to significantly contribute achievement of United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) substantially improving human condition by 2030 through provision clean water. Recent knowledge on Fe0-based safe drinking water filters is addressed herein. They are categorized into two types: Household and community filters. Design criteria recalled operational details given. Scientists invited co-develop enabling exploitation...

This work investigated the properties of scoria and pumice as supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) for Portland cement compared to those rice husk ash (RHA). X-ray fluorescence, diffraction, pozzolanic activity index (PAI) tests confirmed suitability these two potential SCMs. Scoria RHA samples achieved over 75% PAI at 7 days whereas did this after 28 days. Initial final mean setting times observed composite blended with were 166 285 min, respectively. These are longer than that...

Since the realization in 1930s that elevated fluoride concentrations drinking water can have detrimental effects on human health, new methods been progressively developed order to reduce acceptable levels. In developing world necessity for filtration media are both low-cost and sourced from locally available materials has resulted widespread use of bone char. early 1990s metallic iron (Fe0) received as an adsorbent a reducing agent removal wide range contaminant species water. The...

Arusha aquifers have been exploited intensively serving as the main source of domestic water supply in city. But quality groundwater is not clearly documented for future planning and management. Hydrogeochemical assessment was carried out to establish its spatial distribution with aid geostatistical techniques. Groundwater samples were collected analyzed major cations anions using conventional methods analysis. Well lithology geological map considered hydrogeological interpretation area. The...

Metallic iron (Fe0) materials have been industrially used for water treatment since the 1850s. There are still many fundamental challenges in affordably and reliably characterizing Fe0 intrinsic reactivity. From available methods, one using dissolution ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA—2 mM) was demonstrated most applicable as it uses only four affordable chemicals: Ascorbic acid, an ascorbate salt, EDTA 1,10-Phenanthroline (Phen). A careful look at these chemicals reveals that Phen...

Abstract The municipal solid wastes (MSW) management technologies in most cities of developing countries pose a continuous risk contaminating the environment and affecting human health adversely; often because MSW are not comprehensively analyzed before their implementation. For this purpose, life cycle assessment methodology was applied to access different scenarios Arusha City, Tanzania. Three recycling sanitary landfilling (RSL) were developed as business usual scenario (SN-1), RSL...

Abstract This study investigated the levels of Pb, Hg, Cr, Cd, and As in water sediments from tributaries Mara River, Tanzania. Pollution risk was using seven indices five metals. During dry period, highest concentration 17.45 ± 1.22, 0.01, 1.56 0.5, 1.3 0.09, 30.81 0.02 mg/kg, respectively. wet 4.37 0.28, 0.012, 2.58 0.57, 2.25 0.35, 53 For surface water, respective concentrations were 0.76 0.04, 0.68 0.74 0.1, 0.47 0.06 mg/L for period. The period max 0.56, 0.03, 0.55 0.48 0.4 0.03 mg/L,...

The present study describes the synthesis and characterization of a hydroxyapatite (HAp)-based adsorbent derived from biogenic cockle (Anadara granosa) shells for defluoridation drinking water. raw synthesized HAp were characterized by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR), diffraction (XRD), Field emission scanning electron microscopes-energy dispersive (FESEM-EDX) Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis. As...

Antiviral drugs such as lamivudine have been globally identified in the environment and marked emerging pollutants of concern due to their bioactive extremity. Following therapeutic uses, approximately 70% oral dose is eliminated renally parent drug. Concerns has raised for neighbouring aquatic bodies effluent produced from production plants containing high concentrations antiviral drugs. drugs, lamivudine, are extremely bioactive, prompting interest urgent removal environment. The purpose...

Scientific interest in antimicrobial pollutants, such as ciprofloxacin, has increased. Due to spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, resistance genes, and their dissemination the environment. Therefore, remediation is necessary ensure ecological sustainability. The current study aimed optimise removal ciprofloxacin from synthetic water using jamun seed (JS) (Syzygium cumini) biochar a response surface methodology (RSM). Result indicates elimination efficiency ranged between 32.46 94.95%,...

Capacitive deionization (CDI) is an alternative desalination technique for low-to-moderate salinity feeds. Despite significant advances in electrode material design, CDI's thermodynamic energy efficiency (TEE) remains low and has become important assessing feasibility real-world applications. Innovative cell configurations are key to improving TEE; however, their performance trends need be contextualized, given the scattered information that can challenging compare. This study evaluates...

Researchers on metallic iron (Fe0) for environmental remediation and water treatment are walking in a valley of confusion 25 years. This is characterized by the propagation different beliefs that have resulted from partial analysis Fe0/H2O system as (1) reductive chemical reaction was considered an electrochemical one (2) mass balance has not been really addressed. The turn undermining scientific method while discouraging any real critical argumentation. communication re-establishes complex...

Network lifetime remains as a significant requirement in Wireless Sensor (WSN) exploited to prolong network processing. Deployment of low power sensor nodes WSN is essential utilize the energy efficiently. Clustering and sleep scheduling are two major processes involved improving lifetime. However, abrupt unaware selection cluster head (CH) non-optimal which reflects drop among nodes. This paper addresses twofold utilization node’s by LEACH-based formation Time Division Multiple Access...