Abstract Objectives We examined whether social isolation due to the COVID-19 shelter-in-place orders was associated with greater loneliness and depression for older adults, and, if so, declines in engagement or relationship strength moderated that relationship. Methods Between April 21 May 21, 2020, 93 adults United States who had completed measures characterizing their personal networks, subjective loneliness, 6–9 months prior pandemic same via phone interview, as well questions about...

While scholars have studied the racial "achievement gap" for several decades, mechanisms that produce this gap remain unclear. In article, we propose school discipline is a crucial, but under-examined, factor in achievement differences by race. Using large hierarchical and longitudinal data set comprised of student records, examine impact suspension rates on reading math achievement. This analysis—the first its kind—reveals suspensions account approximately one-fifth black-white performance....

Significance The 2008 Great Recession widened socioeconomic inequities among young adults, people of color, and those without a college degree. COVID-19 pandemic raises renewed concerns about inequality. Leveraging pre–post data from population-representative sample Indiana residents, we examine employment food, housing, financial insecurity. Comparing before reached the state during initial stay-at-home orders, find shocks disproportionately affecting vulnerable groups, controlling for...

<h3>Importance</h3> Stigma, the prejudice and discrimination attached to mental illness, has been persistent, interfering with help-seeking, recovery, treatment resources, workforce development, societal productivity in individuals illness. However, studies assessing changes public perceptions of illness have limited. <h3>Objective</h3> To evaluate nature, direction, magnitude population-based US stigma over 22 years. <h3>Design, Setting, Participants</h3> This survey study used data...

An influential literature in criminology has identified indirect “collateral consequences” of mass imprisonment. We extend this criminological perspective to the context U.S. education system, conceptualizing exclusionary discipline practices (i.e., out-of-school suspension) as a manifestation intensified social control schools. Similar patterns family and community decline associated with incarceration, we theorize that policies have adverse effects on non-suspended students punitive Using...

In recent decades, sociologists have increasingly adopted an intersectionality framework to explore and explain the complex interconnected nature of inequalities in areas race, class, gender. Using inclusion-centered approach a sample 204 low-socioeconomic-status (SES) African American women, authors theorize role racial gender discrimination stress process. Analyses examine relationships between social stressors (racial discrimination) individual occurring each six distinct contexts....

School disciplinary processes are an important mechanism of inequality in education. Most prior research this area focuses on the significantly higher rates punishment among African American boys, but article, we turn our attention to discipline girls. Using advanced multilevel models and a longitudinal data set detailed school records, analyze interactions between race gender office referrals. The results show troubling significant disparities Controlling for background variables, black...

Widespread uptake of vaccines is necessary to achieve herd immunity. However, rates have varied across U.S. states during the first six months COVID-19 vaccination program. Misbeliefs may play an important role in vaccine hesitancy, and there a need understand relationships between misinformation, beliefs, behaviors, health outcomes. Here we investigate extent which hesitancy are associated with levels online misinformation about vaccines. We also look for evidence directionality from...

<h3>Importance</h3> In response to the increase in opioid overdose deaths United States, many states recently have implemented supply-controlling and harm-reduction policy measures. To date, an updated evaluation that considers full landscape has not been conducted. <h3>Objective</h3> evaluate 6 US state-level drug policies ascertain whether they are associated with a reduction indicators of prescription abuse, prevalence use disorder overdose, medication-assisted treatment (MAT), deaths....

Relatively little existing research has examined variation in psychological distress outcomes for individuals who suddenly lose access to multiple established network ties. Adolescents placed foster care provide a unique opportunity examine the effects of different levels disruption. Some types placement stability and continuity while others are characterized by persistent turnover. Using data from telephone surveys with adolescents midwestern state, author compares primary relationships...

Data on community responses to two treatment issues critical for children and adolescents with mental health problems are addressed: stigma associated receiving care the willingness use psychiatric medication.Using a representative sample of U.S. population, investigators interviewed 1,393 noninstitutionalized adult participants in National Stigma Study-Children (NSS-C) (response rate 70%; margin error +/- 4%).Many respondents believed that results from during childhood (45% reported likely...

Sex researchers and mental health clinicians have long recognized that the stigma surrounding homosexuality plays an important role in shaping social psychological adjustment of gay, lesbian, bisexual (g/l/b) people. In recent years, suggested sexual identity- related distress may influence physical status g/l/b people, primarily because ways these self-related feelings beliefs impact patterns health-related behavior. This study examines identity support on youth's drug alcohol use,...

This study examines how dynamics surrounding biographical disruptions compare to more routine fluctuations in personal social networks. Using data from the Indianapolis Network Mental Health Study, authors track changes patients' networks over three years and them a representative sample of persons with no self-reported mental illness. Overall, individuals at onset treatment report larger broadly functional than population large. However, number network ties among latter increases time,...

The current study compared perceived stress among married and single individuals across a variety of life domains in order to understand (1) the relationship between marital status psychosocial mechanisms (2) degree which experienced different is associated with other health problems (i.e., anxiety). Using survey data from large national U.S. sample (N = 6,955), we used multiple regression mediation analyses investigate role on social commitments, family loneliness, economy/money; examined...

Substance dependence is a prevalent and urgent public health problem. In 2021, 60 million Americans reported abusing alcohol within the month prior to being surveyed, nearly 20 using illegal drugs (e.g., heroin) or prescription opioids) for nonmedical reasons in year before. Drug-involved overdose rates have been steadily increasing over past years. This increase has primarily driven by opioid stimulant use. Despite its prevalence, drug one of most stigmatized conditions. Stigma myriad...

This article describes both sociological and genetic theories of illness causation derives propositions expected under each a transdisciplinary theoretical frame. The authors draw from three theories—fundamental causes, social stress processes, safety net theories—and tailor hypotheses to the case alcohol dependence. Analyses later wave Collaborative Study on Genetics Alcoholism reveal complex interplay GABRA2 gene with structural factors produce cases meeting DSM/ICD diagnoses. Only modest...

Although research supports the stigma and labeling perspective, empirical evidence also indicates that a social safety net remains intact for those with mental illness, recalling classic “sick role” concept. Here, insights from networks theory are offered as explanation these discrepant findings. Using data individuals experiencing their first contact health treatment system, effects of diagnosis symptoms on experiences examined. The findings suggest relative to less severe affective...

Background: The transmission of sexual images and messages via mobile phone or other electronic media (sexting) has been associated with a variety mostly negative social behavioural consequences. Research on sexting focussed youth, limited data across demographics little known about the sharing private third parties. Methods: present study examines attitudes behaviours, including sending, receiving, images, gender, age, orientation. A total 5805 single adults were included in (2830 women;...

African-American women may be susceptible to stressful events and adverse health outcomes as a result of their distinct social location at the intersection gender race. Here, racism sexism are examined concurrently using survey data from 204 residing in southeastern U.S. urban city. Associations among racism, sexism, across roles contexts (i.e., network loss, motherhood childbirth, employment finances, personal illness injury, victimization) investigated. Then, relationships these stressors...