Surgery induces a variety of metabolic, endocrine, and immune changes collectively known as the "stress response," which may often lead to prolonged postoperative convalescence. Anesthetic management modulate this physiological response, thus affecting course. We hypothesized that intraoperative administration dexmedetomidine (DEX), sympatholytic agent, would reduce stress response improve quality recovery in patients undergoing major surgery.We conducted prospective randomized...

In this feasibility study we propose a method based on sodium magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for estimating simultaneously the intracellular concentration (C1, in mM) and extracellular volume fraction (α) grey white matters (GM, WM) brain vivo. Mean C1 over five healthy volunteers was measured ~11 mM both GM WM, mean α ~0.22 ~0.18 which are close agreement with standard values tissue (C1 ~ 10-15 mM, 0.2). Simulation of 'fluid' 'solid' inclusions were accurately detected 3D maps...

Potassium kinetics within the skate retina were monitored extracellularly with K+-selective electrodes. Two sources of K+ efflux detected in response to photic stimulation: one distal region outer plexiform layer, and other at a more proximal location near border between inner nuclear layers. The magnitude these retinal depths was affected differently by spot full-field illumination, suggesting that two originate from different classes neuron. There is evidence both are associated current...

1. Extracellular K+ activity and transmembrane potential were simultaneously monitored with a K+‐selective micro‐electrode placed in the extracellular space standard KCl‐filled intracellular of frog ventricular muscle. 2. was found to accumulate during had approximate magnitude time course account for measured membrane depolarization. 3. The accumulation depended on frequency stimulation, diameter muscle temperature bathing solution. 4. constants decay dependent only strip. A Q10 2...

Structural magnetic resonance imaging is used to longitudinally monitor the progression of Alzheimer disease from its presymptomatic symptomatic phases. Using data Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, we tested hypothesis that surgery would impact brain parameters associated with dementia.Brain images neuroimaging initiative database were study normal volunteer subjects and patients mild cognitive impairment for age group 55 90 inclusive. We compared changes in regional anatomy three...

We developed an isolated rabbit atrial preparation which responds consistently and reproducibly to brief, submaximal stimulation of the autonomic nerves contained in it. In 6 11 preparations presence propranolol (1 mg/liter), time course changes rate following 120 msec vagal was bimodal. The maximal slowing occurred at 0.64 +/- 0.16 second, peak secondary 2.3 1.0 seconds. An acceleratory component between first second peaks 0.8 1.6 total effect lasted for 5.0 2.0 These could not be explained...

Our planet is in the midst of an environmental crisis. Government and international agencies such as Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change urge radical transformative change at every level how we conduct our personal professional lives. The health care industry contributes to climate change. According a study from University Chicago, sector accounts for 8% United States’ total greenhouse gas emissions. In effort understand current state practice, attitudes, knowledge among...

Surgery-induced neuroinflammation has been implicated in the development of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD).To test hypothesis that meloxicam, a selective cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitor, preserves function and inhibits surgery-induced mouse model.A model splenectomy-induced inflammation.Sixty Swiss Webster male mice (6-8 week old) were randomised into six groups underwent splenectomy. Animals 1-4 tested once on day 1, 5, 9 or 14 to determine time course delayed transient...

Increasingly, postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is recognized as a complication after surgery in the elderly; but it's etiology remains unclear. Here we examine changes cytokine levels during both pre-operative and period, comparing them with long term variation test scores. Forty-one patients aged 65 older undergoing major general anesthesia were recruited written consent this IRB approved study. Thirty went on to complete prospective, non-interven-tional non-randomized Plasma of...

The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging (ADNI) database is an expansive undertaking by government, academia, and industry to pool resources data on subjects at various stage of symptomatic severity due disease. As expected, magnetic resonance imaging a major component the project. Full brain images are obtained every 6-month visit. A range cognitive tests studying executive function memory employed less frequently. Two blood draws (baseline, 6 months) provide samples measure concentrations...

Excessive nitric oxide (NO) production within the heart is implicated in pathogenesis of myocyte death, but mechanism whereby NO kills cardiac myocytes not known. To determine whether may trigger programmed cell death (apoptosis) adult rat ventricular culture, donor S-nitroso- N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) was shown to kill purified a dose-dependent fashion. In situ analysis plated on chamber slides using nick-end labeling DNA demonstrated that SNAP induces apoptosis, which confirmed by...

Abstract The consequences of endothelin receptor activation were examined in atrial tumor myocytes derived from transgenic mice (AT-1 cells). Endothelin-1 (endothelin) stimulates phosphoinositide hydrolysis a dose-dependent manner. Endothelin also induces the rapid and transient translocation protein kinase C (PKC)-ε immunoreactivity soluble to particulate cell fraction. subcellular distributions PKCα PKCζ (also expressed by AT-1 cells) are not influenced endothelin. Using quantitative...

Approximately 60% of adult canine Purkinje fibers respond to alpha 1-adrenergic stimulation with a decrease in automaticity. Recent studies disaggregated myocytes have suggested that this negative chronotropic effect results from activation the Na-K pump. In study we evaluated 1) whether pump is associated and 2) if alpha-agonists on direct or mediated by an increase intracellular sodium activity (aNai). We used selective microelectrodes determine effects 5 x 10(-9) 10(-8) M phenylephrine...

1. Double barrel potassium‐sensitive micro‐electrodes were used to measure fluctuations in extracellular potassium ion concentration large automatic canine Purkinje fibres. 2. Slow accumulations of seen the space during prolonged beating. Following cessation beating, a depletion ions was noted. 3. The time course these slow changes shown be function diffusion properties preparation, and rate degree activation sodium pump. 4. Action potential duration maximum diastolic simultaneously...

Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) postdischarge (PDNV) are common occurrences (50%-80%) after laparoscopic surgery. Palonosetron (Pal), the newest 5-HT3 antagonist, is an effective antiemetic that has advantages in treating PDNV due to its prolonged duration of action. We hypothesized a combination Pal dexamethazone (Dex) could further improve efficacy treatment comparison alone patients at high risk for PONV. Patients scheduled undergo surgeries under general anesthesia were...

IsK is a K+ channel of the delayed rectifier type widely distributed throughout both excitable and nonexcitable cells. Its structure different from other cloned channels molecular details its gating remain obscure. Here we show that activation kinetics expressed in Xenopus oocytes depend upon amount mRNA injected, with larger amounts resulting slower longer initial delay during activation. Similar changes occur time after single injection mRNA. We present two kinetic schemes which illustrate...

Acute blood pressure (BP) elevations in neurosurgical patients are associated with serious neurologic, cardiovascular, or surgical site complications. Clevidipine, an ultra-short-acting dihydropyridine calcium antagonist, has been shown to be efficacious and safe for acute hypertension cardiac surgery. This study assessed the efficacy safety of clevidipine controlling perioperative setting.Patients scheduled intracranial surgery were prospectively enrolled after giving consent. Clevidipine...