It has been widely acknowledged that future networks will need to provide significantly more capacity than current ones in order deal with the increasing traffic demands of users. Particularly regions where optical fibers are unlikely be deployed due economical constraints, this is a major challenge. One option address issue complement existing narrow-band terrestrial additional satellite connections. Satellites cover huge areas, and recent developments have considerably increased available...

5G networks, pivotal for our digital mobile societies, are transitioning from 4G to Stand-Alone (SA) networks. However, during this transition, Non-Stand-Alone (NSA) networks widely used. This paper examines potential security vulnerabilities in NSA Through an extensive literature review, we identify known attacks that can theoretically be applied NSA. We organize these into a structured taxonomy. Our findings reveal may offer false sense of security, as most and privacy improvements...

WiFi-based Long Distance networks are seen as a promising alternative for bringing broadband connectivity to rural areas. A key factor the profitability of these is using license free bands. This work quantifies current spectrum occupancy in our testbed, which covers and urban areas alike. The data mining conducted on same WiFi card parallel with an operational network. presented evaluations reveal tendencies various aspects: compared population density, fluctuations, (joint)-vacant...

Rural areas especially in emerging countries often lack affordable broadband Internet connectivity. This `digital divide' limits the access to knowledge, government services or health care. The major limiting factors are seen CAPEX and OPEX related traditional wireless carrier equipment, its relatively large energy footprint, vast sparsely populated low revenues be collected. Since many rural regions a power grid may not available highly instable, ensuring 24/7 operation of cell site is very...

Rural areas in emerging or developed countries often lack affordable broadband Internet connectivity. Especially this limits the access to knowledge, government services, etc. The major limiting factors are CAPEX and especially OPEX related traditional wireless carrier equipment, vast sparsely populated as well relatively large energy footprint of such equipment. Since many rural regions a power grid is not available highly instable, ensuring 24/7 operation cell site very costly task. To...

Recently both academic and industry worlds have started to define the successor of long term evolution, so-called 5G networks, which will most likely appear by end decade. It is widely accepted that those networks deal with significantly more challenging requirements in terms provided bandwidth, latency supported services. This lead not only modifications access segment parts core but trigger changes throughout whole network, including Back-haul segment. In this work authors present their...

Monitoring is a crucial task in QoS-aware networks since it provides statistics to verify that the network performs within committed QoS parameters. It especially important resource-constrained Carrier-grade Wireless Mesh Access Network (CG-WMAN) order monitor node's neighborhood, established links as well MPLS QoS-traffic flows, so-called Label-Switched Paths (LSPs). In this paper, we present monitoring architecture for LSPs heterogeneous CG-WMAN, where configurable Rating Agents perform...

Rural areas often lack affordable broadband Internet connectivity, mainly due to the CAPEX and especially OPEX of traditional wireless carrier equipment, vast sparsely populated and, notably, trained personal. Addressing these issues we have developed a self-managed heterogeneous Wireless Back-Haul (WiBACK) architecture which may be deployed complement or even replace operator equipment. To optimally utilize fixed point-to-point its configuration is adjusted properly characteristics channel....

Wireless communication has come a long way from just cellular and Wi-Fi networks. With the expansion of modern devices, need for loT (Internet Things) capable networks increased dramatically in short period time. Despite this fast adoption, there is limited technical information on how Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWAN) particularly Long Range Network (LoRaWAN) works. The proprietary solution by Semtech requires understanding modulation scheme, channel access mechanism constraints. This...

Rural areas all over the world often lack affordable broadband Internet connectivity. This is particularly, but not solely, true for developing and emerging countries. Also rural in western countries share similar problems of high capital expenditure (CAPEX) especially operational (OPEX) due to vast sparsely populated areas, which present an uneconomical environment deploying traditional wireless carrier equipment. To address these issues, we have developed a carrier-grade heterogeneous...

Wireless operators, in developed or emerging regions, must support the triple-play service offerings demanded by market regulatory bodies through so-called Universal Service Obligations (USOs). The same USO often also requires coverage of a large percentage population, which especially regions lives vast rural areas outside larger cities. Since individual operators might have different requirements such as available spectrum licenses technologies, we carrier-grade heterogeneous multi-radio...

The required flexibility of future wireless networks architectures is aimed at allowing more innovation, reducing complexity and improving service offerings. Software Defined Networking (SDN) has been identified as an enabler for this adoption. In order to grasp a better understanding the challenges faced well potential uses cases, we identify need flexible software defined network, its applications propose architectural framework.

Recently both academic and industry world has started to define the successor of Long Term Evolution (LTE), so-called 5G networks, which will most likely appear by end decade.It is widely accepted that those networks have deal with significantly more challenging requirements in terms provided bandwidth, latency supported services.This lead not only modifications access parts core but trigger changes throughout whole network, including Back-haul segment.In this work we present our vision a...

Open RAN has emerged as a transformative approach in the evolution of cellular networks, addressing challenges posed by modern applications and high network density. By leveraging disaggregated, virtualized, software-based elements interconnected through open standardized interfaces, introduces agility, cost-effectiveness, enhanced competition Radio Access Network (RAN) domain. The paradigm, driven O-RAN Alliance specifications, is set to transform telecom ecosystem. Despite extensive...

Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) research has matured in recent years and implementations are being tested around the world. In a WMN, participating nodes automatically configured allowing them to communicate among their peers via multiple hops when no direct physical connectivity exists. Increasing demand for real-time multimedia content poses challenge typical WMN routing protocols such as Optimised Link State Routing (OLSR) which lack Quality of Service (QoS) support. Although, numerous...

Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) are often seen as an affordable solution to bring Internet connectivity into rural and previously unconnected regions. To date, the main focus has been provide access classical services such WWW or email which requires users use a personal computer recent smart phone. In many developing regions, however, prevailing end user device is mobile order connect phones IP-based wireless back-haul networks, network points must phone air interface, compatible with GSM...

In order to develop and validate network protocols architectures, proper tools are required the design analyze various aspects of architecture or its components. This is typically addressed by measurements using real hardware, via simulations emulations a combination thereof. this paper we present our development framework implement WiBACK architecture. Our key focus on embedded hardware. But, in possible scalability issues, larger scenarios must be considered while validating same source...

Article Free Access Share on Get a KISS—communication infrastructure for streaming services in heterogeneous environment Authors: K. Jonas German National Research Institute Information Technology, Schloβ Birlighoven, 53754 St. Augustin, Germany GermanyView Profile , M. Kretschmer J. Mödeker Authors Info & Claims MULTIMEDIA '98: Proceedings of the sixth ACM international conference MultimediaSeptember 1998 Pages 401–410https://doi.org/10.1145/290747.290809Published:01 September...

Although there currently exists a number of Wireless Local Area Network based mesh network deployments most have been deployed to provide best effort broadband Internet access. Consequently, they cannot meet the requirements operators in order utilise these networks offer carrier grade services. The goal providing services over wireless infrastructure requires high performance terms throughput and reliability. One way achieving this increase is multi-radio Mesh Nodes, however, due Physical...

Rural regions all over the world often suffer from similar problems in terms of (broadband) connectivity to communication infrastructures. Sparsely populated areas and large distances render desirable roll out Information Communication Technology (ICT) systems economically unfeasible for operators. Particularly rural developing or emerging such as Africa with a lack infrastructure also stable power grid comes along which obviously imposes another challenge on any ICT system considered be...