Membrane bioreactor (MBR) deteriorates due to fouling on the membrane pores, which can reduce performance. To fouling, addition of inorganic filler enhance antifouling properties. This study investigates two different preparation by thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) and dip coating methods modify hollow fiber with Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs)-Zeolites used in MBR for industrial wastewater treatment. Performance was evaluated analyzing flux water wastewater, rejection, content,...

Recently, several strains of microalgae have been studied as they contain high lipid content capable to be converted biodiesel. Fresh water Chlorella vulgaris in this research was one the proof it contained triacyl glyceride which made a potential candidate for biodiesel production. Factors responsible good growing such CO2 and nitrogen concentration were investigated. It found that total increased after exposing media with not enough concentration. However, under depletion media, growth...

Lignocellulosic biomass is one of the potential sources for biofuel production. Coconut husk, abundant lignocellulosic in Indonesia, can be explored such a process. This work evaluated compositions raw and pretreated coconut husk powder using modeling computation thermogravimetry analysis data. Lignocellulose distributed activation energy model employing kinetic parameters were successfully obtained with fit quality values 0.1–0.35 %, R-squared (R2) equal 1. By this method, was found to...

The pretreatment of a high lignin substrate, coconut coir dust, was studied by chemical techniques (NaOH solution, ionic liquid, and NaOH followed liquid) physical method (subcritical water, SCW). Following substrate washing step, structural analyses were performed scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. It found that all substrates pretreated methods had more amorphous structures than the untreated substrate. XRD patterns chemically...

The main challenge with membrane bioreactors is fouling, which leads to decreased flux performance and a shortened lifespan. This study aims provide solution for the recovery removal of irreversible fouling on Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) membranes without damaging their structure using sulfate radicals. Sulfate radicals are formed via peroxodisulfate precursors that activated by Fe2+. ratio were 88.45-99.04% 11.60-0.96%, respectively, at operating temperatures 298-308 K. PVDF has been...

This study aims to produce reducing sugar hydrolyzed from substrate, coconut coir dust pretreated by recycled ionic liquid and its combination with alkaline. The 1H NMR FTIR were performed ver-ify the synthesized methylmethylimidazolium dimethyl phosphate ([mmim][dmp]). structure of substrates was analyzed XRD measurement. used recy-cled twice re-employ for substrate pretreatment. treated- untreated-coconut into sugars using pure cellulase. reaction, which called an enzymatic hydrolysis,...

To investigate the proximate composition, mineral content, and phytochemical compounds in Calophyllum inophyllum (C. inophyllum) leaves. Moreover, isolation identification of pyrene were also performed. C. leaves extracted with methanol by percolation methods. The composition was analyzed standard Mineral contents this plant using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Phytochemical screening analysis performed spectrophotometric method. Washing method carbon disulfide used for isolating...

Coconut husk (CCH) as an abundant agricultural waste in Indonesia has the potential to be utilized for sugar production, which is intermediate product of biofuel. In this study, subcritical water (SCW) assisted by nitrogen (N2) was developed enhance enzymatic hydrolysis CCH. SCW process optimized varying operation condition: pressure 60-100 bar, temperature 150-190 °C, and time 20-60 min. The SCW-treated solid subsequently hydrolyzed utilizing a mixture commercial cellulase xylanase enzymes....

Sugarcane bagasse is one of lignocellulose materials that can be converted to biofuel. This work was aimed develop new pretreatment combination methods process sugarcane into biofuel (bio-hydrogen). Pretreatment using NaOH solution in with ionic liquid [DMIM]DMP enhanced the enzymatic hydrolysis significantly. After pretreat-ment, content cellulose and hemicellulose increased by 29.31% compared untreated one. Cellulose hemicelluloses were used as raw produce reducing sugars, con-verted...

Abstract Coconut husk hydrolysis using subcritical water (SCW) with N 2 as pressurizing gas was carried out in a batch reactor at temperature of 150 °C-190 °C, pressure 60-100 bar and the reaction time from 20-60 min. The effect SCW pretreatment could reduce lignin produced reducing sugars. highest TRS (total sugar) yield 0,4904 170 80 bar, 20 Reducing sugars concentration increased when temperatures rised to °C. However, sugar decreased above decrease due degradation into its products. A...

Preventing the further degradation of monomeric or oligomeric sugar into by-product during biomass conversion is one challenges for fermentable production. In this study, performance subcritical water (SCW) and enzymatic hydrolysis coconut husk toward reducing production was investigated using a severity factor (SF) approach. Furthermore, optimal condition SCW optimized response surface methodology (RSM), where composition changes lignocellulose yield as responses. From results, at low SF...

The low cost and excellent catalytic properties of lipase for industrial processes are highly desirable. A promising new approach involves the support modification spacer arm, which enables enhancement properties. This study investigates immobilization crude from Mucor miehei onto a Polyurethane Foam (PUF) surface using various coating techniques. PUF matrix was obtained through isocyanate polyol reactions. Subsequently, coated by adsorbing adding edible material. immobilized then utilized...

This work was to analyze the effect of alkaline concentration on coconut coir husk crystallinity and sugar liberated enzymatically. The data showed that employing lignocellulose transformed crystallinity. XRD peaks increased highly which indicated cellulose more opened exposed. After pretreatment, chemical compositions (cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin) were changed significantly. 1% alkaline, cellulosic content inclined if compared non-pretreatment. When added 4%, decreased slightly a part...

The ionicliquid [MMIM][DMP] was synthesized from the reactants methyl imidazole [MIM] and trimethylphosphate [TMP] verified using 1HNMR FTIR. Coconut coir dust pretreated with a 1% alkaline solution.Its crystalline structure increased significantly due to dissolution of lignin hemicelluloses under conditions, exposing cellulose. After NaOH IL were employed, XRD showed that peak (002) decreased (101) almost vanished. This significant decrease in crystallinity related alteration substrate...

Cellulase and xylanase were covalently immobilized on chitosan magnetic particles.They employed as catalysts to produce reducing sugar from coconut husk individually simultaneously.Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) Bradford's protein analysis confirmed that the enzymes support.Cellulase Aspergillus niger Trichoderma reesei microparticles yielded 0.352 g/L 0.316 of respectively, while longibachterium 0.432 g/L.The simultaneous use cellulase produced 0.8034 sugar, addition...

Electrochemical synthesis of hydroxyapatite particles was performed from a homogeneous solution Na2H2EDTA.2H2O, KH2PO4 and CaCl2 without stirring to investigate the mechanism hydroxyapa-tite formation. We found that OH- ions generated by water reduction at cathode play an important role in formation particles. The induce liberation Ca2+ dissociation phosphoric acid, which serve as reactants for Two layers with clear boundary were formed during electrolysis. upper layer comprises produced...