A5016981666- Precipitation Measurement and Analysis
- Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations
- Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing
- Atmospheric aerosols and clouds
- Climate variability and models
- Radio Wave Propagation Studies
- Atmospheric Ozone and Climate
- GNSS positioning and interference
- Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
- Satellite Communication Systems
- Advanced Computational Techniques and Applications
- Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics
- Aeolian processes and effects
- Tropical and Extratropical Cyclones Research
- Soil erosion and sediment transport
- Remote Sensing and Land Use
- Geophysics and Gravity Measurements
- Scientific Computing and Data Management
- Calibration and Measurement Techniques
- Hydrology and Drought Analysis
- Coastal and Marine Management
- Power Line Communications and Noise
- Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
- Water Quality Monitoring Technologies
- Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing
National Research Council
2003-2024
Istituto di Biometeorologia
2007-2024
LAMA (Italy)
2008-2024
Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources
2024
Instituto di Biofisica
2021
Regione Toscana
2008
Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate
2002-2003
We present the NEFOCAST project (named by contraction of “Nefele”, which is Italian spelling for mythological cloud nymph Nephele, and “forecast”), funded Tuscany Region, about feasibility a system detection monitoring precipitation fields over regional territory based on use widespread network new-generation Eutelsat “SmartLNB” (smart low-noise block converter) domestic terminals. Though primarily intended interactive satellite services, these devices can also be used as weather sensors,...
Measuring water vapor (WV) in the troposphere, where nearly all atmospheric WV is concentrated, critical for understanding composition and dynamics comprehensively. A particularly challenging issue conducting systematic measurements lower troposphere (approximately 5–6 km) on a global scale, as this would significantly enhance both climate modeling numerical weather prediction (NWP) capabilities over short time scales.Based theoretical studies conducted European Space Agency (ESA),...
Abstract The transition from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR)/2 to AVHRR/3 on NOAA polar orbiters was associated with a switching daylight operations of 3.7- 1.6-µm wave band, while retaining 3.7 µm for nighttime operations. Investigations applicability two channels suggest that band does not prove be better choice, at least cloud applications. 3.7-µm is much less affected by surface contamination, and measures more faithfully unambiguously particle effective radius near...
In the last few years, number of worldwide operational X-band weather radars has rapidly been growing, thanks to an established technology that offers reliability, high performance, and reduced efforts costs for installation maintenance, with respect more widespread C- S-band systems. are particularly suitable nowcasting activities, as those operated by LaMMA (Laboratory Monitoring Environmental Modelling sustainable development) Consortium in framework its institutional duties...
In recent years, severe weather phenomena have occurred with increasing frequency throughout the Mediterranean area. Because of extreme intensity and their small spatio-temporal scales, an early warning rainfall through a timely accurate estimation is crucial for reducing hydrological risk disaster mitigation. On other hand, rain-gauge networks are often not able to detect due limited sampling capability, as in two case studies presented this work, characterized by conditions. For both...
In situ measurements of precipitation are typically obtained by tipping bucket or weighing rain gauges disdrometers using different measurement principles. One the most critical aspects their operational use is calibration, which requires characterization instrument responses both in laboratory and real conditions. Another important issue with coverage. Dense networks desirable, but installation maintenance costs can be unaffordable commercial conventional devices. This work presents...
Abstract. In 2021, a group of seven Italian institutions decided to bring together their know-how, experience, and instruments for measuring the drop size distribution (DSD) atmospheric precipitation, giving birth Group Disdrometry (in named Gruppo Italiano Disdrometria, GID, https://www.gid-net.it/, last access: 16 May 2023). GID has made freely available database 1 min records DSD collected by disdrometer network along peninsula. At time writing, was composed eight laser disdrometers...
Physical characteristics of precipitation, like temporal and spatial variability, jointly with coverage costs conventional meteorological devices for quantitative rainfall estimation (i.e., rain gauges, disdrometers, weather radars) make the precipitation monitoring a complex task. However, real time maps are an important tool many applications, dealing environment, social activities, business. Recently, use "opportunistic" methods to estimate has been investigated, highlighting possibility...
Radar-based rainfalls are currently used for process monitoring from remote in a large panel of domaines including hydrology and soil erosion modelling. Nevertheless, such data may include systemic natural perturbations that need to be corrected before using these data. To encompass this problem, adjustments based on raingauge observations frequently adopted. Here, we analysed the performance different radar-raingauge merging procedures regional raingauge-radar network (Tuscany, Italy)...
Accurate quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) methods are essential for weather forecasting and prevention of hydrogeological risk. QPE becomes even more important when facing severe events. In this letter, a comparison among different rainfall is presented, using event that occurred in Italy as case study. particular, the focus on merging method based dynamic adaptation Z–R relationship according to spatiotemporal evolution observed phenomenon. Through cross-validation analysis, we...
In this paper we describe a statistical and physically based approaches to retrieve 2D rainfall fields exploiting the attenuation measurements made along satellite links at Ka Ku bands, in framework of research project NEFOCAST. The retrieval algorithms, main results obtained so far, on going test campaign are presented discussed.
The knowledge of the water vapor (WV) distribution in Earth's atmosphere is great importance for weather prediction. Meteorological models, particular, so-called limited area can assimilate humidity measurements, increasing reliability simulated atmospheric dynamics. An important improvement be achieved, instance, if we are able to provide total column with a sufficient precision and accuracy. In this paper, novel normalized differential spectral attenuation (NDSA) approach applied retrieve...
A method is presented for integrating the information available in a limited area (corresponding to Tuscany Italy) coming from satellite sensors, point measurement stations and ground-based radars. The objective exploitation of complementary provided by variety methods instruments nowadays existing measuring precipitation or precipitation-related parameters, order upgrade capability reconstructing weather phenomena main interest. Ground- satellite-based measurements, working locally...
The real-time measurement of rainfall is a primary information source for many purposes, such as weather forecasting, flood risk assessment, and landslide prediction prevention. In this perspective, remote sensing techniques to monitor fields by means radar measurements are very useful. work, technique proposed the estimation cumulative averaged over large area, applied on Tuscany region using Italian network. order assess accuracy radar-based estimates, they compared with coincident spatial...
NEFOCAST is a research project that aims at retrieving rainfall fields from channel attenuation measurements on satellite links. Rainfall estimation algorithms rely the deviation of measured E <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</sub> /N xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> clear-sky conditions. Unfortunately, exhibit signal fluctuations (due to variety causes) which could generate false rain detections and reduce...
Measuring rainfall is complex, due to the high temporal and spatial variability of precipitation, especially in a changing climate, but it great importance for all scientific operational disciplines dealing with effects on environment, human activities, economy. Microwave (MW) telecommunication links carry information rates along their path, through signal attenuation caused by raindrops, can become measurements opportunity, offering inexpensive chances augment without deploying additional...
During the night between 9 and 10 September 2017, multiple flash floods associated to a heavy-precipitation event affected town of Livorno, located in Tuscany, Italy. Accumulated precipitation exceeding 200 mm two hours, with return period higher than years, caused all largest streams Livorno municipality flood several areas town. We used limited-area Weather Research Forecasting (WRF) model, convection-permitting setup, reconstruct extreme leading floods. evaluated possible forecasting...