The effectiveness of low-fat milk, alone and with an additional 20 mmol/l NaCl, at restoring fluid balance after exercise-induced hypohydration was compared to a sports drink water. After losing 1·8 ( sd 0·1) % their body mass during intermittent exercise in warm environment, eleven subjects consumed volume equivalent 150 sweat loss. Urine samples were collected before for 5 h assess balance. excretion over the recovery period did not change milk trials whereas there marked increase output...

Background: older adults are susceptible to dehydration due age-related pathophysiological changes. We aimed investigate the prevalence of hyperosmolar (HD) in hospitalised adults, aged ≥65 years, admitted as an emergency and assess impact on short-term long-term outcome. Methods: this prospective cohort study was performed adult participants who were acutely a large UK teaching hospital. Data collected included Charlson comorbidity index (CCI), national early warning score (NEWS), Canadian...

Health care workers' hand hygiene practice is universally sub-optimal. This contributes to the 8% prevalence rate of hospital-acquired infection which currently costing National Service in England nearly 1 billion per annum. It estimated that about 30% infections could be prevented if health workers adhered guidelines. The aim study was identify psychological constructs predictive behaviour order determine ways improve practice. We used a cross-sectional survey 104 hospital-based workers....

Seven active men were recruited to examine changes in the serum concentration of S100beta, a proposed peripheral marker blood-brain barrier permeability, following prolonged exercise temperate (T) and warm (W) conditions. Subjects seated immersed neck water at 35.0 (0.1) degrees C or 39.0 for 30 min. then entered room maintained either 18.3 (1.8) (0.3) completed 60 min cycle 60% peak oxygen uptake. Serum S100beta was elevated after W trial (+0.12 (0.10) microg/l; P = 0.02) but not T (P...

Fluid balance and sweat electrolyte losses were measured in the players substitutes engaged an English Premier League Reserve competitive football match played at ambient temperature of 6-8 degrees C (relative humidity 50-60%). Intake water and/or sports drink urine output recorded, composition was estimated from absorbent swabs applied to 4 skin sites for duration game. Body mass recorded before after Data obtained 22 (age 21 y, height 180 cm, 78 kg) 9 (17 181 72 kg). All male. Two...

This study examined the effects of variations in air velocity on time to exhaustion and thermoregulatory perceptual responses exercise a hot environment. Eight male volunteers completed stationary cycle trials at 70% peak oxygen uptake until an environmental chamber maintained 30 °C 50% relative humidity. Four conditions, 30, 20, 10, 0 km/h, were tested, headwind was directed frontal aspect subject by 2 industrial fans, with blade diameters 1 m 0.5 m, set series positioned 3 from subject's...

Eight young men were recruited to a study designed examine the effect of tyrosine (TYR) supplementation on capacity perform prolonged exercise in warm environment. Subjects entered laboratory morning and remained seated for 1 hr before cycling exhaustion at 70% VO 2peak . Two 250-ml aliquots placebo (PLA ) or TYR solution ingested 30-min intervals exercise, with an additional 150 ml consumed every 15 min throughout (total dose: mg/kg BM). Cognitive function was assessed drink ingestion, end...

This study examined changes in serum S100beta concentration, a peripheral marker of BBB permeability, response to exercise the heat with and without fluid ingestion.Eight physically active males completed up 90 min intermittent at power output corresponding 55% VO2peak warm environment (35 degrees C, 56% rh). Trials were (F trial) (NF replacement sweat losses. During trial, an aliquot plain water was ingested 15-min intervals match volume lost during previous period exercise.Exercise time...

A maximal dose of bupropion has enabled subjects to maintain a higher power output than reported during the placebo session in heat. Because this drug is taken different doses it important know if there dose–response relationship with regard exercise at high ambient temperature. Ten well‐trained male cyclists ingested (pla; 200 mg) or (50%, 75%, 100% dose: bup50: 150 mg; bup75: 225 bup100: 300 evening before and morning experimental trial. Trials were conducted 30 ° C (humidity 48%)....

Purpose: This study investigated the effect of time day on endurance exercise capacity in a warm environment. Methods: Nine males cycled to exhaustion at 65% V˙O2peak an ambient temperature 35°C (60% relative humidity) 0645 h (AM) and 1845 (PM). Rectal (Tc), skin (Tsk), heart rate (HR) were recorded blood expired air samples collected rest every 5 min during recovery. Results: Time was longer AM trial (45.8 ± 10.7 min) than PM (40.5 9.0 min; P = 0.009). Resting Tc lower remained for first 25...

The aim of this study was to quantify changes in brain volume after exercise/heat-induced hypohydration man.Eight active men completed intermittent exercise a warm environment, until 2.9% ± 0.1% body mass lost. Subjects remained hypohydrated for 2 h the end exercise. Brain measured before, immediately after, and 1 using magnetic resonance imaging (Philips 3T Achieva, AE Eindhoven, Netherlands). Measures subjective feelings core temperature were also monitored. Blood samples drawn determine...

Introduction: Quantities of various anabolic/androgenic steroids have been found in dietary supplements without their presence being disclosed on the label. The aim this study was to quantify excretion patterns diagnostic metabolites, 19-norandrosterone (19-NA), and 19-noretiocholanolone (19-NE) after ingestion small doses 19-nor-4-androstene-3,17-dione (19-norandrostenedione). Methods: Eleven males nine females entered laboratory morning an overnight fast. An initial urine sample collected,...

This investigation quantified the effect of changes in plasma osmolality on measurement hematocrit (Hct) and implications for subsequent use these data to calculate volume application World Anti-Doping Agency Athlete Biological Passport.Two groups eight male volunteers visited laboratory after an overnight fast. In study 1, a 20-mL blood sample was collected aliquoted into collection tubes containing saline varying concentrations alter osmolality. 2, manipulated vivo through prolonged...

Ingestion of tyrosine (TYR), a catecholamine precursor, has previously improved aspects cognitive function and mood during acute stress, although there is limited research exploring the optimal dose relative to blood values. The serum responses two doses TYR were investigated (study 1), with identified "optimal" assessed physical performance military-based protocol in heat 2).For study 1, 21 participants assigned one following three groups: HIGH (two 150 mg · kg(-1) body mass TYR), LOW 75...