Controlling for cognitive skills, we find that men who occupied leadership positions in high school earn more as adults. The pure leadership‐wage effect varies, depending on definitions and time period, from 4% to 33%. This is not an artifact of measurement error skills or differences a wide array other physical psychological traits. High leaders are likely occupy managerial occupations adults, command higher wage premium within than elsewhere. Finally, it appears may be fostered by exposure...

Abstract Data linking 1972 and 1992 adolescent skill endowments to adult outcomes reveal increasing complementarity between cognitive social skills. In fact, previously noted growth in demand for skills affected only individuals with strong of both These findings are corroborated using Census CPS data matched Dictionary Occupational Titles (DOT) job task measures; employment earnings premia occupations requiring high levels grew substantially compared that require one or neither type skill,...

Using a large sample of recent college graduates, the study tests hypothesis that observed race and gender wage differentials reflect between‐group differences in type quality education attained rather than labor market discrimination. After controlling for narrowly defined major, grade point average, exact educational institution attended, white male Hispanic graduates earn 10 to 15 percent more per hour comparable female, black male, or Asian graduates.

College graduates with mathematical college majors earn more than other graduates. Women are less likely men to pursue majors. This does not, however, explain the entire gender wage differential. In a representative cross section of recent graduates, women 9 percent equally The disadvantage faced by technical is no larger that nontechnical

Gender differences in “competitiveness,” previously documented laboratory experiments, are hypothesized to play a role wide array of economic outcomes. This paper provides evidence competition aversion natural setting somewhere between the simplicity experiment and full complexity ambiguity labor market. The “State Street Mile” race offers both male female participants choice two different levels competition. Large, systematic age gender observed relationship true ability decision enter more...

Persistent gender differences in the choice of college majors technical fields account for a substantial share wage gap among graduates. While there are many theories about what students thinking when they make their major and career choices, most based on speculation or indirect evidence. This survey turned up several points which were surprisingly unconcerned. Very few (and equal proportions men women) feared that choosing IT would lead to social ostracism. concerned not prepare them do...

Gender-typical educational choices and the “glass ceiling” are widely believed to explain why older women earn far less than observably similar men. Using large panels drawn from National Science Foundation's (NSF) Survey of College Graduates other data representative U.S. college graduates 1990s, author documents small role personal finds evidence contrary predictions both human capital discrimination models. Rather differential wage growth rates predicted by these models, she average...

Once educational attainment and other observable characteristics have been controlled for, studies show that the gender wage gap among adult full-time workers is about half size it was in 1980. Using U.S. Census Current Population Survey (CPS) data from 1959 through 1999, authors investigate extent to which decline this associated with changes across cohorts relative rate of growth after labor market entry (slopes), versus earnings levels at (levels). They find slope post-schooling...

American business seems to be infatuated with its workers' "leadership" skills. Is there such a thing, and is it rewarded in labor markets? Using the Project Talent, NLS72 High School Beyond datasets, we show that men who occupied leadership positions high school earn more as adults, even when cognitive skills are held constant. The pure leadership-wage effect varies from four percent for broad definition of 1971 twenty-four narrow 1992, appears have increased over time. High-school leaders...

Using Census and Current Population Survey data spanning 1959 through 1999, we assess the relative contributions of two factors to decline in gender wage gap: changes across cohorts slopes men's women's age-earnings profiles, versus earnings levels at labor market entry. We find that account for about one-third narrowing gap over past 40 years. Under quite general conditions, argue this provides an upper bound estimate contribution work experience other post-school investments (PSIs) gap.

Participation in high school sports and leadership activities is typically associated with later adult earnings premia. In stark contrast to the large but diminishing racial disadvantage found other measures of educational opportunity, this analysis development finds few examples historical 1960 data, an emerging black female students between 1972 2004. Earnings regressions reveal positive premia women who engaged as adolescents, not men. Particularly higher math scores (or penalties lower...