A5032654175- Marine and coastal ecosystems
- Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes
- Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing
- Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
- Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis
- Marine and fisheries research
- Isotope Analysis in Ecology
- Geophysics and Gravity Measurements
- Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research
- Oil Spill Detection and Mitigation
- Underwater Acoustics Research
- Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena
- Coastal and Marine Management
- Marine and coastal plant biology
- Coral and Marine Ecosystems Studies
- Cryospheric studies and observations
- Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations
- Water Quality Monitoring Technologies
- Astro and Planetary Science
- Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics
- Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Microbial Community Ecology and Physiology
- Calibration and Measurement Techniques
- Climate variability and models
Fisheries and Oceans Canada
2015-2025
NOAA National Centers for Environmental Prediction
2017
North Pacific Marine Science Organization
1977-2013
Ocean Institute
1988
Ocean Networks Canada Society
1984
Environment and Climate Change Canada
1973
Astronomy and Space
1969
University of British Columbia
1969
Institute of Astronomy
1969
University of Cambridge
1967
Using multiple lines of evidence, we demonstrate that volcanic ash deposition in August 2008 initiated one the largest phytoplankton blooms observed subarctic North Pacific. Unusually widespread transport from a eruption Aleutian Islands, Alaska deposited over much NE Pacific, followed by large increases satellite chlorophyll. Surface ocean pCO 2 , pH, and fluorescence reveal bloom started few days after ashfall. Ship‐based measurements showed increased dominance diatoms. This evidence...
In the summer of 2011, a major ‘Sargassum event’ brought large amounts seaweed onto beaches islands eastern Caribbean with significant effects on local tourism. We present satellite observations showing that event had its origin north mouth Amazon in an area not previously associated Sargassum growth. A concentration was detected April, when it centred at about 7° N latitude and 45° W longitude. By July spread to coast Africa east Lesser Antilles west. have used images from MERIS (Medium...
Abstract Ensuring that global warming remains <2 °C requires rapid CO 2 emissions reduction. Additionally, 100–900 gigatons must be removed from the atmosphere by 2100 using a portfolio of removal (CDR) methods. Ocean afforestation, CDR through basin-scale seaweed farming in open ocean, is seen as key component marine portfolio. Here, we analyse potential recent re-occurring trans-basin belts floating Sargassum (sub)tropical North Atlantic natural analogue for ocean afforestation. We show...
Abstract Intense plankton blooms (colloquially called ‘red tides’) are becoming an increasingly important phenomenon in coastal waters. This Letter shows how the European satellite sensor MERIS (Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer) can be used to detect a peak optical spectrum of water‐leaving radiance near 705 nm which provides more specific response some types these blooms. Images and spectra presented, derived from scene where small areas have this response. One such area is at site...
One of the major design goals Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS) was capability to use signal from chlorophyll fluorescence stimulated by ambient sunlight detect and map phytoplankton. This is considered tobe especially useful in coastal waters, where determination water-leaving radiance spectra using conventional blue/green ratio method often complicated high concentrations gelbstoff suspended matter. Based on a variety studies, three spectral channels centred at 665, 681.25...
We present satellite imagery that is interpreted as showing extensive lines of floating Sargassum in the western Gulf Mexico summer 2005. In spite frequent reports weed covering extended areas different parts world's ocean, this appears to be first observation from space. Satellite observations were made with Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS) on Envisat launched by European Space Agency, and subsequently Moderate Spectroradiometer (MODIS) both Terra Aqua satellites National...
We used satellite imagery from the European Space Agency (ESA) Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS) optical sensor to make first mapping of full distribution and movement population Sargassum in Gulf Mexico western Atlantic. For most years for which we have data (2002 2008), results show a seasonal pattern originates northwest spring each year, is then advected into The appears east Cape Hatteras as 'Sargassum jet' July ends northeast Bahamas February following year. This...
:This study represents the efforts of a network researchers to characterise large, floating Sargassum (Fucales, Phaeophyceae) biomass that had reached Brazilian coast in 2014 and 2015. Material collected during these events was identified as natans S. fluitans using morphological characteristics; ITS2 sequences showed low divergence (0%–3%) with nine other species. Several epiphytic macroalgae, invertebrates fishes were associated Sargassum. Satellite images did not support hypothesis slicks...
We initiated and mapped a diatom bloom in the northeast subarctic Pacific by concurrently adding dissolved iron tracer sulfur hexafluoride to mesoscale patch of high-nitrate, low-chlorophyll waters. The was dominated pennate diatoms monitored for 25 d, which sufficiently long observe evolution termination most decline phase. Fast repetition–rate fluorometry indicated that were iron-replete until day 12, followed 4–5-d transition limitation. This period characterized relatively high rates...
The MERIS maximum chlorophyll index (MCI), measuring the radiance peak at 709 nm in water‐leaving radiance, indicates presence of a high surface concentration against scattering background. is 'red tide' conditions (intense, visible, surface, plankton blooms) and raised when aquatic vegetation present. A bloom search based on MCI has resulted detection variety events Canadian, Antarctic other waters round world, as well extensive areas pelagic (Sargassum spp.), previously unreported...
Recent studies have confirmed the relationship between iron supply and phytoplankton growth rates in all three high‐nitrate low‐chlorophyll (HNLC) oceanic provinces. However, there is little evidence, so far, of role altering efficiency biological pump via increased downward export particulate organic carbon (POC). The NE subarctic Pacific unique among HNLC regions that long time series pelagic observations deep‐moored sediment trap records exist which may provide best opportunity thus far...
Satellite altimeters have detected mid‐ocean tsunami waves only once in the past, with relatively small amplitude [ Okal et al ., 1999], according to published reports. The 26 December 2004 changes this picture dramatically. This event was strongest occurred since satellite altimetry started 1970s. Instruments now orbit can measure sea surface height sufficient resolution (a few centimeters for average of a 5‐km circle ocean), but along their tracks, and cannot provide full an event. Also,...
Significant wave height (SWH) and wind speed data from the merged geophysical record (MGDR) of TOPEX/POSEIDON satellite altimeters, for first 47 cycles coverage (September 1992 to December 1993), are compared with measurements an array instrumented buoys moored along off west coast Canada. SWH values cover a range 0.1 8 m, in one case exceeding 12 m. The comparison shows TOPEX waves, on average, low by 5% relative buoys, rms scatter about mean relation 30 cm. For lying within 10 km tracks,...
AbstractThe first observations of chlorophyll fluorescence from space for the west coast Canada, using U.S. moderate resolution imaging spectrometer (MODIS), show that signals should provide a useful new tool studying biomass and primary productivity. We compare MODIS sea-viewing wide field-of-view sensor (SeaWiFS) data, simple theoretical model expected variation emission with variations in concentration. The results good agreement appear to allow separation water masses according yield. As...
There is an increasing need for satellite-derived accurate chlorophyll-a concentration (chla) products to improve fisheries management in coastal regions. However, the methods used derive these have be evaluated, so associated uncertainties are known. The performance of three atmospheric correction methods, near infrared (NIR), shortwave (SWIR), and Management Unit North Seas Mathematical Models with additional modification (MUMM + SWIR), derived chla based on Moderate Resolution Imaging...
We present monthly maps and derived statistics to describe the large-area distribution of Sargassum in equatorial Atlantic, Caribbean, Gulf Mexico, using image data from OLCI (Ocean Land Colour Instrument) on Sentinel 3a satellite. has provided since October 2016 which can be compared with images produced by MERIS (Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer) period 2002 2012. Results show a significant continuing increase area covered pelagic Sargassum, starting first expansion into Caribbean...
Time series of sea surface temperature, wind speed, and significant wave height from meteorological buoys off the west coast Canada adjacent United States are long enough sufficient quality to be useful for studying interannual variability trends. Long-term averages data provide a precise climatology locations along- offshore. Data many suggest warming trend, but only three show statistical significance, sheltered no increases. Both speed an increasing trend with more significance. Future...
A group of Geos 3 sea state investigators conducted a workshop during which their independently developed algorithms for extracting significant wave height from data were intercompared using simulated data, long span included variety states, and number short segments in the vicinity buoys. Individual differences between small comparison to general good agreement among them with surface truth data. Details are given together intercomparison results.