Purpose This research aims to inspect the existence of “environmental Kuznets curve” (EKC) in presence foreign direct investment (FDI), financial development (FD) and urbanization throughout 1972–2018 for Pakistan. Design/methodology/approach For time series analysis, Phillips Perron (PP) Augmented Dickey–Fuller (ADF) unit root tests are used confirm level integration. robustness, Kim (2009)’s structural break test is employed, which identifies order integration years. Further, combined...

This study investigates the asymmetric impact of oil price shocks on trade deficit for Pakistan economy, using NonLinear ARDL analysis, over period 1990QI-2016QIV. The estimation results confirm presence nonlinearity in series. bound testing approach also establishes existence relationship between and movements. We find that increase (decrease) prices wholesale decrease (increase) industrial product a significant deficit. adjustment pattern, dynamic multipliers, reveals new long-run...

Abstract Purpose This study aims to examine the relationships between aggregated and disaggregated energy use in industrial sector, carbon emissions output China. Design/methodology/approach The utilizes annual frequency data for period of 1984-2015. unit root properties are tested using augmented Dickey–Fuller Phillips Perron tests. Furthermore, Zivot–Andrew structural breaks test is used detect steaming into series. autoregressive distributed lag bound newly developed Bayer–Hanck combined...

Abstract This paper examines the impact of oil prices on trade balance by incorporating wholesale and an industrial production proxy for economic activity as supporting variables BRICS countries. Quarter frequency data from 1992 to 2015 is used. Keeping in view structural breaks resulting asymmetries, long‐run short‐run dynamic estimations are conducted using nonlinear ARDL approach proposed Shin, Yu, Greenwood‐Nimmo. We find a positive significant asymmetric relationship between Brazil,...

Construction industry ranks as the largest and imparts a significant part in developing achieving aims of society. Due to involvement larger number stakeholders, construction is complex nature. The current study designed identify evaluate factors affecting success projects Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan. To carry out study, questionnaire was developed term interview pilot study. data from survey analyzed through SPSS software five groups accumulate authenticity 44 factors. Later on...

Mass concrete has been commonly known for its thermal stresses which arise due to the entrapment of hydration temperature susceptible cracking. The utilization mineral additives is a promising and widely adopted technique mitigate such effects. This paper presents thermal, physico-chemical, mechanical, morphological behaviour mass with blends bentonite (BT) fly ash (FA). Apart from rise in hydration, compressive strength, ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), differential analysis (DTA),...

This study investigates the impact of financial development on industrial production from 1972 to 2014 in Pakistan. We use Bayer and Hanck (2013, Journal Time Series Analysis 34(1), 83–95,) combined cointegration technique predict long-run relationship between development, saving production. The results three vectors which confirm existence a underlying variables. empirical evidence shows positive savings growth long run as well short run. result VECM (Vector Error Correction Model) Granger...

This article aims to examine the relationship among financial development, trade balance, exchange rate and inflation by using time series data from 1972 2014 for Pakistan. We have tested unit root properties of variables augmented Dickey–Fuller (ADF), Phillips–Perron breakpoint tests. The autoregressive distributive lag (ARDL) approach is applied cointegration between due mixed orders integration I(0)/ I(1). ARDL findings suggested that long-run exists inflation. Error correction model...

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the non-linear impact defence spending on economic growth for USA, UK and Russia by using quarterly frequency from 1992 2014. Design/methodology/approach unit root property tested ADF PP test. Further, BDS test applied linear independence. To verify results test, we apply short long-run symmetry cointegration relationship examined NARDL approach. Multipliers predict speed adjustments considering nonlinearity. Findings confirms existence...

Abstract As environmental challenges continue to escalate, policymakers around the globe are prioritizing green growth (GG). This is complicated by impact of two crucial factors, namely economic policy uncertainty (EPU) and stringency (EPI), on estimates for GG. Therefore, this study investigates these variables GG while controlling trade human development in International Energy Agency member countries from 1990 2020. After establishing existence a long‐run relationship through Westerlund...

This study has investigated money demand function incorporating financial development, industrial production, income and exchange rate for Pakistan time span from 1972 to 2012. Bayer–Hanck combined cointegration Johansen approaches have been used test among variables vector error correction model (VECM) approach applied explain the direction of causality in long run short run. Unit root problem tested by augmented Dickey–Fuller (ADF) Phillips–Perron (PP) unit tests. The results indicate that...

Abstract In this research work, physical, chemical, morphological, and mechanical behavior as partial replacement of fine aggregate in concrete. Stone dust was acquired from three different sources i.e. Nowshera, Dara, Besai, while concrete kept at a ratio 1:2:4 water to cement 0.5 per ASTM standards for considerable workability. The compressive strength, ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), its correlation, density, durability test, x-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis, Scanning electron...

Purpose The primary objective of this study is to investigate the linkage tourism and crime for Pakistan along with exchange rates, terrorism domestic prices in presence structural breaks over period 1984–2017. Design/methodology/approach order integration tested through ADF PP unit root tests. robustness test testified via break test. Furthermore, authors use Bayer Hanck (2013) combined cointegration confirm existence a long-term theoretical relationship among variables. For analysis, also...

This article explores the relationship between financial development and imports focusing on economic growth import prices as potential contributors to this relationship. We have applied combined cointegration causality tests using multivariate model for long-run augmented Dickey–Fuller (ADF) well Phillips–Perron (PP) unit root test order of integration variables. The empirical evidence confirms presence a among series. Financial increases demand. Economic decrease consumption. Imports are...

This article has estimated the impact of financial development on import demand over period 1986: Q1–2014: Q4 in case Bangladesh. The long-run relationship between development, and economic growth are investigated by combine cointegration. Error Correction Method (ECM) is applied to examine short-run phenomena. unit root properties variables tested augmented Dickey–Fuller test (ADF) Philips–Perron (P–P) test. Perron (1997) single structural break also applied. results Bayer Hanck (2013)...

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to measure the unidimensional and multidimensional inequality in case Pakistan compare their results at provincial as well regional (urban rural areas) level. authors collected data from Social Living Standard Measurement Household Integrated Economic Survey for fiscal years 1998–1999 2013–2014. Design/methodology/approach used Gini coefficient indexing approach Araar (2009) inequality. Findings findings predicted that relatively high urban area due...