Abstract Rupture of biological cell membrane under mechanical stresses is critical for viability. It triggered by local rearrangements molecules. We investigated the effects stretching speed on rupture phospholipid/cholesterol bilayers using unsteady molecular dynamics simulations. focused pore formation, trigger rupture, in a 40 mol% cholesterol-including bilayer. The was modeled proportional and temporal scaling atom positions at speeds from 0.025 to 30 m/s. areal strain, where forms,...

Second harmonic generation (SHG) measurements using SHG-active dye molecules have recently attracted attention as a method to detect the formation of pores in phospholipid bilayers. The bilayers, which are embedded outer leaflet, exhibit noncentrosymmetric structure, generating SHG signals. However, when form, these translocate through into inner leading more centrosymmetric structure and subsequent loss A decrease signals has been experimentally observed membranes subjected electrical...

The body mass index (BMI), defined as weight in kilograms divided by height meters squared, has been widely used to assess thinness and obesity all age groups, including children adolescents. However, the validity utility of BMI a reliable measure nutritional health have questioned. This study discusses mathematical conditions that support based on population statistics. Here, we propose condition allometric uni-scaling ensure an objective height-adjusted measure. Any given centile curve,...

An essential step of nanoliposome formation in an aqueous lipid solution is the transition from discoidal aggregate (bicelle) to vesicle. We investigate here bicelle-to-vesicle a binary mixture saturated and unsaturated phosphatidylcholine by performing nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations with coarse-grained representation di-palmitoyl-phosphatidyl-choline (DPPC) di-linoleoyl-phosphatidyl-choline (DLiPC). When DPPC molecules stable bicelle are randomly replaced DLiPC molecules,...

To evaluate the long-range cross-correlation in non-stationary bi-variate time-series, detrending-operation-based analysis methods such as detrending moving-average (DMCA), are widely used. However, its mathematical foundation has not been well established. In this paper, we propose a generalized theory to form of DMCA-type and introduce higher-order DMCA which Savitzky-Golay filters employed operator. Using theory, can understand basis methods. Our establishes rigorous relationship between...

The line tension of the pore in a phospholipid bilayer is important for pore-mediated molecular transport techniques. To understand cholesterol effects on edge at level, we perform dynamics simulations bilayers with containing different concentrations (0, 20, and 40 mol%). prepared by using an equibiaxial stretching simulation. stretched subsequently compressed spontaneously closes when applied areal strain below certain value. Using closure free energy model pore, upper lower limits...

Abstract The body mass index (BMI), defined as weight in kilograms divided by height meters squared, has been widely used to assess thinness and obesity all age groups, including children adolescents. However, the validity utility of BMI a reliable measure nutritional health have questioned. This study discusses mathematical conditions that support based on population statistics. Here, we propose condition allometric uni-scaling ensure an objective height-adjusted measure. Any given centile...

The interdigitated gel (LβI) phase is one of the membrane phases phospholipid molecules in which hydrophobic tails penetrate opposite leaflet bilayer. Recent molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have shown that interdigitation can take place as a transition from liquid-ordered (Lo) to LβI under stretching. However, there still no conclusive experimental evidence for this process, so its existence remains controversial. In study, explain energy balance, we propose free-energy model. model...

We performed a series of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations phospholipid bilayers under shear flow to estimate the effect system size on Kelvin-Helmholtz (KH)-like instability bilayer at scale. To extend estimation by MD microscale, we introduced linear stability analysis for fluid--fluid interface consisting thin membrane. For both and theoretical model, critical velocity difference across bilayer, where occurs, decreased with increasing wavelength undulation $\ensuremath{\lambda}$, which...

We propose higher-order detrending moving-average cross-correlation analysis (DMCA) to assess the long-range cross-correlations in cardiorespiratory and cardiovascular interactions. Although original (zeroth-order) DMCA employs a simple filter remove non-stationary trends embedded observed time series, our approach incorporates Savitzky-Golay as method. Because can adversely affect correlation assessment, serves improve accuracy. To achieve more reliable characterization of...

In this paper, the importance of implementing good acoustic conditions in classrooms using sound amplification systems is investigated to support more effective English education for elementary school children. To date, failure educating as a second language at Japanese schools has been demonstrated by poor conversation ability those who completed compulsory six-year course junior-high and high (age 12–18). amend situation, teaching became grade three 8–9) above most 2020 academic year. We...

Thrombi form a micro-scale fibrin network consisting of an interlinked structure nanoscale protofibrils, resulting in haemostasis. It is theorized that the mechanical effect clot caused by polymeric protofibrils between crosslinks, or to their dynamics on order. Despite number studies, however, it still unknown, how protofibril affect formation macro-scale and thus its properties. A mesoscopic framework would be useful tackle this multi-scale problem, but has not yet been established. We...

The detrending moving average (DMA) analysis demonstrates excellent performance for the characterization of long-range correlations and fractal scaling is performed in various research fields. conventional DMA with a simple can remove linear trends embedded observed time series. To improve ability DMA, higher-order including higher order polynomial was also introduced using Savitzky-Golay filter its fast implementation algorithm developed. However, applicable to dimensional data yet be well...

Water permeation through phospholipid/cholesterol bilayers is the key to understanding tension-induced rupture of biological cell membranes. We performed molecular dynamics simulations stretched investigate changes in free energy profile water molecules across bilayer and lipid structure responsible for permeation. modeled stretching by applying areal strain. In bilayers, hydrophobic tail phospholipids became disordered barrier decreased. Upon exceeding critical strain, a phase transition an...

The lipid bilayer is the essential component of cell membrane to provide some structural support for a and control transport materials entering exiting cell. Since it has centrosymmetric structure, second harmonic generation (SHG) signal can hardly be observed from membrane. Adding dye molecules in outside layer makes non-centrosymmetric enables generate observable SHG signals. Physical disturbances would lead reallocation transmembrane migration including dyes, thereby making structure...

Musculoskeletal robots using McKibben-type pneumatic muscles have been known to be capable of dynamic locomotion, such as walking, running, and jumping. However, most these controlled by trial error, adjusting the timing opening closing pressure valves. We focused on antagonistic drive, a characteristic musculoskeletal systems. Our previous study proposed “tension feedback cooperative control,” which generates periodic motion utilizing autonomous coordination muscles. In this paper, we...

To characterize long-range cross-correlation in nonstationary bi-variate time series, we propose the higherorder detrending moving-average analysis (DMCA) which Savitzky-Golay (S-G) filters are employed as operator and show its methodological properties analytically. Using higher-order DMCA, series consisting of heart rate (HR) physical activity measured daily life were analyzed. Our demonstrated that shared a common correlated factor with 1/f-type fluctuation HR.

BACKGROUND: The braided stent is a widely accepted endovascular treatment device consisting of woven metal wires. One the unsolved issues for flattening phenomena when deployed into highly curved arteries. Although recent computational study highlighted that mechanical state inside catheter before deployment plays an essential role in causing flattening, there no experimental observation catheter. OBJECTIVE: We investigated shapes tubes with various curvatures by micro-computed tomography...

We examined permeation of D2O through SC model membranes by FTIR-ATR.The were composed only one kind ceramide, cholesterol and free fatty acid with hydrocarbon chain length 16~24.The lipid mixture in chloroform/methanol was directly sprayed onto the ATR prism to form a homogeneous film.After removal solvent, drop mounted on film.An increasing signal around 2500 kayser appears as molecules reach into region where their FTIR is detectable.The time course analysis revealed that longer length,...

Molecular dynamics simulations of pure DPPC and DPPC/cholesterol bilayers under stretching with various speeds were performed. The lower the speed, more ordered molecules, which tendency was prominent in bilayer. critical areal strain, where rupture occurs, bilayer significantly increased increase whereas that did not. difference process molecular orientation changes might cause speed effects on strain.

We have performed molecular dynamics simulations of phospholipid bilayers under stretching, in order to understand the detailed mechanisms rupture red blood cell membranes (hemolysis). In this study, we unsteady and quasistatic stretching for phospholipid/cholesterol bilayers, which are expressed by applying equibiaxial algorithm that is proportional scaling both atom positions system box lengths. investigated effects speed on (i) critical areal strain where occurs, (ii) relationships...