A5047162064- Fire effects on ecosystems
- Conservation, Biodiversity, and Resource Management
- Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics
- Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies
- Forest ecology and management
- Environmental and biological studies
- Rangeland and Wildlife Management
- Remote Sensing in Agriculture
- Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
- Soil Management and Crop Yield
- Climate variability and models
- Land Use and Ecosystem Services
- Amazonian Archaeology and Ethnohistory
- Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
- Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications
- Plant and animal studies
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
- Solar Radiation and Photovoltaics
- Oil Palm Production and Sustainability
- Water-Energy-Food Nexus Studies
- Agriculture, Land Use, Rural Development
- Forest Management and Policy
- African Botany and Ecology Studies
- Hydrology and Watershed Management Studies
- Species Distribution and Climate Change
Yale University
2023-2025
Instituto de Pesquisa Ambiental da Amazônia
2015-2024
Woodwell Climate Research Center
2014-2024
Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso
2015-2024
Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia
2024
University of California, Irvine
2019-2023
Irvine University
2020-2022
Nortel (Canada)
2020
Carnegie Institution for Science
2013-2019
Amazon (United States)
2013-2015
Amazon forests are a key but poorly understood component of the global carbon cycle. If, as anticipated, they dry this century, might accelerate climate change through losses and changed surface energy balances. We used records from multiple long-term monitoring plots across Amazonia to assess forest responses intense 2005 drought, possible analog future events. Affected lost biomass, reversing large sink, with greatest impacts observed where season was unusually intense. Relative pre-2005...
In 2010, dry-season rainfall was low across Amazonia, with apparent similarities to the major 2005 drought. We analyzed a decade of satellite-derived data compare both events. Standardized anomalies showed that 57% Amazonia had in 2010 as compared 37% (≤-1 standard deviation from long-term mean). By using relationships between drying and forest biomass responses measured for 2005, we predict impact drought 2.2 × 10(15) grams carbon [95% confidence intervals (CIs) are 1.2 3.4], largely...
Significance Climate change alone is unlikely to drive severe tropical forest degradation in the next few decades, but an alternative process associated with weather and fires already operating southeastern Amazonia. Recent droughts caused greatly elevated fire-induced tree mortality a fire experiment widespread regional that burned 5–12% of Amazon forests. These results suggest feedbacks between extreme climatic conditions could increase likelihood “dieback” near-term. To secure integrity...
Abstract Fire is a powerful ecological and evolutionary force that regulates organismal traits, population sizes, species interactions, community composition, carbon nutrient cycling ecosystem function. It also presents rapidly growing societal challenge, due to both increasingly destructive wildfires fire exclusion in fire‐dependent ecosystems. As an process, integrates complex feedbacks among biological, social geophysical processes, requiring coordination across several fields scales of...
Leaf seasonality in Amazon forests Models assume that lower precipitation tropical means less plant-available water and photosynthesis. Direct measurements the Amazon, however, show production remains constant or increases dry season. To investigate this mismatch, Wu et al. use tower-based cameras to detect phenology (i.e., seasonal patterns) of leaf dynamics tree crowns Amazonia, Brazil, relate patterns CO 2 flux. Accounting for age-dependent variation among individual leaves is necessary...
Abstract The allocation and cycling of carbon (C) within forests is an important component the biospheric C cycle, but particularly understudied tropical forests. We synthesise reported unpublished results from three lowland rainforest sites in Amazonia (in regions Manaus, Tapajós Caxiuanã), all major Large‐Scale Biosphere–Atmosphere Programme (LBA). attempt a comprehensive synthesis stocks, nutrient status and, particularly, internal dynamics sites. calculated net primary productivities...
The Amazon Basin experiences severe droughts that may become more common in the future. Little is known of effects such on forest productivity and carbon allocation. We tested prediction drought decreases litterfall wood production but potentially has multiple cancelling belowground within a 7-year partial throughfall exclusion experiment. simulated an approximately 35-41% reduction effective rainfall from 2000 through 2004 1ha plot compared response with similar control plot. Wood was most...
Abstract Changes in precipitation the Amazon Basin resulting from regional deforestation, global warming, and El Niño events may affect emissions of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), methane (CH 4 nitrous oxide (N O), nitric (NO) soils. soil radiatively important gases could have feedback implications for climate. Here, we report final results a 5‐year, large‐scale (1 ha) throughfall exclusion experiment, followed by 1 year recovery with natural throughfall, conducted mature evergreen forest near...
Significance Recent severe droughts in the Amazon basin have increased interest future climatological and ecological conditions of this region. Future changes drought wet periods could enormous impacts on forest structure, biomass, composition, but our ability to predict hydrological regime remains highly uncertain. We evaluate an ensemble state-of-the-art climate models demonstrate their accuracy simulating processes influencing Amazonia. These provide projections properties periods,...
Summary Considerable uncertainty surrounds the fate of Amazon rainforests in response to climate change. Here, carbon (C) flux predictions five terrestrial biosphere models (Community Land Model version 3.5 (CLM3.5), Ecosystem Demography model 2.1 (ED2), Integrated BIosphere Simulator 2.6.4 (IBIS), Joint UK Environment (JULES) and Simple Biosphere 3 (SiB3)) a hydrodynamic ecosystem (the Soil–Plant–Atmosphere (SPA) model) were evaluated against measurements from two large‐scale drought...
Abstract Large‐scale wildfires are expected to accelerate forest dieback in Amazônia, but the fire vulnerability of tree species remains uncertain, part due lack studies relating fire‐induced mortality both behavior and plant traits. To address this gap, we established two sets experiments southern Amazonia. First, tested which bark traits best predict heat transfer rates ( R ) through during experimental bole heating. Second, using data from a large‐scale experiment, effects wood density WD...
Drought exerts a strong influence on tropical forest metabolism, carbon stocks, and ultimately the flux of to atmosphere. Satellite-based studies have suggested that Amazon forests green up during droughts because increased sunlight, whereas field reported tree mortality severe droughts. In an effort reconcile these apparently conflicting findings, we conducted analysis climate data, measurements, improved satellite-based measures photosynthetic activity. Wet-season precipitation...
Changes in weather and land use are transforming the spatial temporal characteristics of fire regimes Amazonia, with important effects on functioning dense (i.e., closed-canopy), open-canopy, transitional forests across Basin. To quantify, document, describe recent changes forest regimes, we sampled 6 million ha these three representative eastern southern edges Amazon using 24 years (1983–2007) satellite-derived annual scar maps 16 monthly hot pixel information (1992–2007). Our results...
Tropical woody plants store ∼230 petagrams of carbon (PgC) in their aboveground living biomass. This review suggests that these stocks are currently growing primary forests at rates have decreased recent decades. Droughts an important mechanism reducing forest C uptake and by decreasing photosynthesis, elevating tree mortality, increasing autotrophic respiration, promoting wildfires. were a source to the atmosphere during 2015–2016 El Niño–related drought, with some estimates suggesting up...
Amazon wildfires could emit 17.0 Pg of CO 2 by 2050, and avoiding new deforestation cut associated net emissions half.
Biophysical effects from deforestation have the potential to amplify carbon losses but are often neglected in accounting systems. Here we use both Earth system model simulations and satellite-derived estimates of aboveground biomass assess vegetation caused by influence tropical on regional climate across different continents. In Amazon, warming drying arising result an additional 5.1 ± 3.7% loss biomass. also Congo (3.8 2.5%) do not lead significant Asia due its high levels annual mean...
The Brazilian Cerrado is one of the most biodiverse savannas in world, yet 46% its original cover has been cleared to make way for crops and pastures. These extensive land-use transitions (LUTs) are expected influence regional climate by reducing evapotranspiration (ET), increasing land surface temperature (LST), ultimately precipitation. Here, we quantify impacts LUTs on ET LST combining MODIS satellite data with annual use maps from 2006 2019. We performed regression analyses effects six...
Featured paper: See Editorial p553
Abstract Anthropogenic understory fires affect large areas of tropical forest, particularly during severe droughts. Yet, the mechanisms that control forests' susceptibility to fire remain ambiguous. We tested widely accepted hypothesis Amazon forest increase further burning by conducting a 150 ha experiment in closed‐canopy near southeastern forest–savanna boundary. Forest flammability and its possible determinants were measured adjacent 50 plots burned annually for 3 consecutive years (B3),...