Abstract The current study explores the use of an ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) based on Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model to continuously assimilate high-resolution Doppler radar data during peak-intensity stage Tropical Cyclone (TC) Vicente (2012) before landfall. WRF-EnKF analyses forecasts along with ensembles initialized from EnKF at different times were used examine subsequent evolution, three-dimensional (3D) structure, predictability, dynamics storm. was intense western...

Abstract. Given that the Gaussianity of observation error distribution is fundamental principle some data assimilation and machine learning algorithms, structure radar reflectivity becomes increasingly important with development high resolution forecasts nowcasts convective systems. This study examines discusses what give rise to non-Gaussian by using 6 month observations minus backgrounds (OmBs) composites vertical maximum (CVMRs) in mountainous hilly areas. By following symmetric model...

With the increase in master’s degree enrollment China, ensuring realization of value-added research skills students with limited educational resources has become an urgent problem. We developed hypotheses and tested mediating effect academic passion (AP) role training environment satisfaction (TES) on skill increment (RSI) moderating self-efficacy (ASE) using perspective Research Training Environment Theory (RTE). used a structured questionnaire to collect responses from 911 universities...

Abstract. Given that the Gaussianity of observation error distribution is fundamental principle some data assimilation and machine learning algorithms, structure radar reflectivity has become increasingly important with development high-resolution forecasts nowcasts convective systems. This study examines discusses what causes non-Gaussian using 6-month observations minus backgrounds (OmBs) composites vertical maximum (CVMRs) in mountainous hilly areas. By following symmetric model all-sky...

Hybrid data assimilation (DA) methods have received extensive attention in the field of numerical weather prediction. In this study, a hybrid gain (HGDA) method that combined matrices ensemble and variational was first applied mesoscale version Global/Regional Assimilation Prediction System (GRAPES_Meso). To evaluate performance HGDA GRAPES_Meso model, different DA schemes, including three-dimensional (3DVAR), local transform Kalman filter (LETKF), were compared across eight tropical cyclone...

High frequency aircraft observations from the Government Flying Service of Hong Kong Government, penetrating a tropical cyclone at low altitude over South China Sea, were thinned by arithmetic means different time intervals to identify structures scales. It is found that thinning process can reduce serial correlation in observational errors and enhance representation observations. Assimilation experiments demonstrate improve track intensity forecasts Typhoon Nida (2016). The changes dynamic...

Ensemble forecasting is widely used in numerical weather prediction. However, the ensemble may not satisfy a perfect Gaussian probability distribution because of limited number members, with some members significantly deviating from true atmospheric state. Such outliers (belonging to low events) downgrade accuracy an forecast. In this study, observed track tropical cyclone (TC) restrict samples by investigating evolution TCs. Unlike data assimilation, method we employed uses observational...

Extremely inhomogeneous aircraft observations were obtained by the Hong Kong Observatory when Typhoon Nida (2016) approached South China. However, only part of was observed due to limitations flight range. To investigate an effective scheme for assimilating observations, a multigrid 3D variation (m3DVAR) system, with assistance bogus vortex, employed. The arithmetic mean used reduce representative error turbulence scale before assimilation. Track and intensity forecasts improved data....

The rapid growth of postgraduate education in China necessitates the imperative to augment innovative behaviors postgraduates. purpose this study was explore whether a supportive mentoring style affects behavior master’s degree students and potential role that academic aspiration may play relationship between two. A time-lag questionnaire given 911 central for Study 1. results revealed positively predicted behavior. Furthermore, connection mediated by aspirations. 2 matched five pairs with...

The quality of ensemble forecasts is significantly affected by sample quality. In this paper, the influence on simulation results analyzed optimizing distribution members. As part our research, simulated and observed tracks are compared; samples with smaller track errors retained, larger eliminated in order to improve overall forecast. Weather Research Forecasting model was used simulate 11 tropical cyclones that occurred northwest Pacific test ability scheme forecast these cyclones. show...

The Deep Space 3 is a proposed mission by NASA within the New Millennium Program. This paper primarily studies relative state parameters autonomous determination of three satellites formation using inter-satellite measurements like-GPS carrier phase and ranging code onboard. To validate this technique, various kinds measurement projects accuracy measure were researched. Firstly, inter-satellites system model was built. Secondly, simulated high accurate pseudorange single different bias...

Abstract. Given that the Gaussianity of observation error distribution is fundamental principle most current modern data assimilation methods, structure radar reflectivity becomes increasingly important with development in convection-allowing numerical weather prediction. This study examines and discusses what give rise to non-Gaussian by using 6 month departures between observations simulations Southwest China. By following symmetric model all-sky satellite radiance assimilation, we unveil...

<p>High frequency (20 Hz) aircraft observations from the Government Flying Service of Hong Kong Government, penetrating a tropical cyclone (TC) at low altitude over South China Sea had an extremely inhomogeneous distribution. Today remoting have been widely used, but our work demonstrates still play important role in TCs forecasts.</p><p>To investigate effective scheme for assimilating observations, multigrid 3D variation (m3DVAR) system, with...