Background Of available self-rated social phobia scales, none assesses the spectrum of fear, avoidance, and physiological symptoms, all which are clinically important. Because this limitation, we developed Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN). Aims To establish psychometric validation SPIN. Method Subjects from three clinical trials two control groups were given 17-item, Validity was assessed against several established measures anxiety, global assessments severity improvement, scales assessing...

Objective: To assess whether patients receiving aerobic exercise training performed either at home or in a supervised group setting achieve reductions depression comparable to standard antidepressant medication (sertraline) and greater compared placebo controls. Methods: Between October 2000 November 2005, we prospective, randomized controlled trial (SMILE study) with allocation concealment blinded outcome assessment tertiary care teaching hospital. A total of 202 adults (153 women; 49 men)...

Although the DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet has been shown lower blood pressure (BP) in short-term feeding studies, it not BP among free-living individuals, nor alter cardiovascular biomarkers of risk.To compare alone or combined with a weight management program usual controls participants prehypertension stage 1 hypertension (systolic BP, 130-159 mm Hg; diastolic 85-99 Hg).Randomized, controlled trial tertiary care medical center assessments at baseline and 4 months....

ABSTRACT This laboratory study was designed to address a number of interrelated issues regarding cardiovascular reactivity psychological stress. One objective extend the previous research comparing responses during active versus passive coping, by two task conditions be similar in all ways except opportunity make response influencing task's outcome. A second compare different film tasks, which differed outcome uncertainty and degree vicarious coping achieved through identification with role...

ContextObservational studies have shown that psychosocial factors are associated with increased risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, but the effects of behavioral interventions on medical end points remain uncertain.ObjectiveTo determine effect 2 programs, aerobic exercise training stress management training, routine care functioning markers risk.Design, Setting, PatientsRandomized controlled trial 134 patients (92 male 42 female; aged 40-84 years) stable ischemic heart disease...

Depression is widely recognized as a risk factor in patients with coronary heart disease. However, failure (HF) have been less frequently studied, and the effect of depression on prognosis, independent disease severity, uncertain.Two hundred four outpatients having diagnosis HF, ventricular ejection fraction 40% or less, underwent baseline assessments including evaluation depressive symptoms using Beck Inventory HF severity determined by plasma N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide. Cox...

High blood pressure increases the risks of stroke, dementia, and neurocognitive dysfunction. Although aerobic exercise dietary modifications have been shown to reduce pressure, no randomized trials examined effects combined with modification on functioning in individuals high (ie, prehypertension stage 1 hypertension). As part a larger investigation, 124 participants elevated (systolic 130 159 mm Hg or diastolic 85 99 Hg) who were sedentary overweight obese (body mass index: 25 40 kg/m 2 )...

Background Depression has been related to mortality in coronary heart disease ( CHD ) patients, but few studies have evaluated the role of anxiety or co‐occurrence depression and anxiety. We examined whether is associated with increased risk after accounting for individuals established . Methods Results The cohort was composed 934 men women confirmed (mean age, 62±11 years) who completed Hospital Anxiety scale HADS during hospitalization angiography. Over 3‐year follow‐up period, there were...

Background— Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is the standard of care for patients with coronary heart disease. Despite considerable epidemiological evidence that high stress associated worse health outcomes, management training (SMT) not included routinely as a component CR. Methods and Results— One hundred fifty-one outpatients disease who were 36 to 84 years age randomized 12 weeks comprehensive CR or combined SMT (CR+SMT), assessments biomarkers obtained before after treatment. A matched...

Objective: The present paper reviews the evidence that depression is a risk factor for development and progression of coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods: MEDLINE searches bibliographies were used to identify relevant articles. Articles clustered by theme: as factor, biobehavioral mechanisms, treatment outcome studies. Results: Depression confers relative between 1.5 2.0 onset CAD in healthy individuals, whereas patients with existing 2.5 cardiac morbidity mortality. A number plausible...

ABSTRACT This study was designed to examine the hypothesis that certain behavioral demands may tend trigger sympathetic mechanisms which result in metabolically excessive cardiac output elevations. Oxygen consumption and adjustments during a contrived reaction‐time shock‐avoidance task were compared cold pressor test healthy young male adults. The linear output/oxygen relationship generated by performance on graded exercise used assess metabolic appropriateness of pressor. generally found...

There is a marked diurnal variation in blood pressure (BP), with BP dipping to its lowest levels during nighttime sleep. A day–night dip systolic (SBP) of <10% has been used characterize individuals as nondippers, and associated an increased risk for cardiovascular disease. The present study examined the contribution sympathetic nervous system (SNS) biracial sample 172 men women aged 25 45 years. Assessments included 24-h ambulatory monitoring both waking sleeping urinary catecholamines. In...

This study assessed gender differences in hemodynamic response patterns to behavioral stressors. In addition, the extent which cardiovascular reactivity were a function of type challenge was determined by employing tasks relying on stereotypically male areas competence and task female competence. Sixteen 15 graduate, medical or dental students exposed two speech math tasks. While there no significant blood pressure between genders, females exhibited significantly greater cardiac output...

Objective Prospective studies have demonstrated that anxiety predicts sudden cardiac death, but the mechanism underlying this increased risk is unclear. This study examined whether associated with reductions in vagal control of heart rate healthy volunteers. Method Trait (T-ANX) was measured, using Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), 93 men and women 25 to 44 years age. Power spectral analysis used measure two indices control: baroreflex (BRC) respiratory sinus arrhythmia...

Objective Hypertension is more prevalent in African Americans compared with of European descent. Preliminary evidence indicates that perceived racism may play a role elevated blood pressure Americans. The present study examined whether was associated higher ambulatory measured during daily life. A potential contributing for anger inhibition also evaluated. Methods Twenty-four–hour ABP obtained from 69 American men and women normal or mildly pressure. averaged over waking sleep periods,...

To assess the long-term predictive importance of high cardiovascular reactivity in relation to subsequent blood pressure, 51 men from a pool 204 originally tested at age 18 22 years were recruited for pressure assessment 10 15 later. Initial testing uniformly involved monitoring systolic diastolic and heart rate during reaction time task involving threat shock. In 30 who participated follow-up, initial had also included separate visits obtain relaxation-only baseline levels indices. At...

To examine a 1-year follow-up of 4-month, controlled clinical trial exercise and antidepressant medication in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD).In the original study, 202 sedentary adults MDD were randomized to: a) supervised exercise; b) home-based c) sertraline; or d) placebo pill. We examined two outcomes measured at (i.e., 16 months post randomization): 1) continuous Hamilton Depression Rating Scale score; 2) status (depressed; partial remission; full remission) 172 available...